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Reduced GM-CSF activity and immune response provides a mechanism for increased infection risk associated with autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (aPAP) and other disorders involving the presence of GM-CSF autoantibodies. We present a case series of five patients with persistent or unusual pulmonary and central nervous system opportunistic infections (Cryptococcus gattii, Flavobacterium, Nocardia) and elevated GM-CSF autoantibody levels, as well as 27 cases identified on systematic review of the literature.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofac146","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,9]],"date-time":"2022-04-09T18:11:52Z","timestamp":1649527912000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Opportunistic Infection Associated With Elevated GM-CSF Autoantibodies: A Case Series and Review of the Literature"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Elinor","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UCLA Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCLA Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Ataya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tisha","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCLA Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, 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