{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T07:27:33Z","timestamp":1775892453701,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"Supplement_1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,15]],"date-time":"2022-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663200000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Pharyngitis, more commonly known as sore throat, is caused by viral and\/or bacterial infections. Group A Streptococcus (Strep A) is the most common bacterial cause of pharyngitis. Strep A pharyngitis is an acute, self-limiting disease but if undertreated can lead to suppurative complications, nonsuppurative poststreptococcal immune-mediated diseases, and toxigenic presentations. We present a standardized surveillance protocol, including case definitions for pharyngitis and Strep A pharyngitis, as well as case classifications that can be used to differentiate between suspected, probable, and confirmed cases. We discuss the current tests used to detect Strep A among persons with pharyngitis, including throat culture and point-of-care tests. The type of surveillance methodology depends on the resources available and the objectives of surveillance. Active surveillance and laboratory confirmation is the preferred method for case detection. Participant eligibility, the surveillance population and additional considerations for surveillance of pharyngitis are addressed, including baseline sampling, community engagement, frequency of screening and season. Finally, we discuss the core elements of case report forms for pharyngitis and provide guidance for the recording of severity and pain associated with the course of an episode.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofac251","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,15]],"date-time":"2022-09-15T05:26:27Z","timestamp":1663219587000},"page":"S5-S14","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Standardization of Epidemiological Surveillance of Group A Streptococcal Pharyngitis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1142-7697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kate M","family":"Miller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wesfarmers Centre for Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia , Perth , Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1537-2873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert R","family":"Tanz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children\u2019s Hospital of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stanford T","family":"Shulman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children\u2019s Hospital of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1182-9792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan R","family":"Carapetis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wesfarmers Centre for Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia , Perth , Australia"},{"name":"Perth Children\u2019s Hospital , Perth , Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Cherian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MMGH Consulting , Geneva , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3965-8323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Theresa","family":"Lamagni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United Kingdom Health Security Agency , London , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3242-1155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asha C","family":"Bowen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wesfarmers Centre for Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia , Perth , Australia"},{"name":"Perth Children\u2019s Hospital , Perth , Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6441-2456","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janessa","family":"Pickering","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wesfarmers Centre for Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia , Perth , Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alma","family":"Fulurija","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wesfarmers Centre for Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia , Perth , Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6434-8290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah C","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wesfarmers Centre for Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia , Perth , Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1321-9605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey W","family":"Cannon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wesfarmers Centre for Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia , Perth , Australia"},{"name":"Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston, Massachusetts , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timothy C","family":"Barnett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wesfarmers Centre for Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia , Perth , Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6250-9238","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chris A","family":"Van Beneden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CDC Foundation, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"for the Strep A Vaccine Global Consortium (SAVAC) Burden of Disease Working Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Carapetis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Van Beneden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David 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