{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T12:10:46Z","timestamp":1753877446877,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,2]],"date-time":"2022-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["192777"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["192777"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Swiss HIV Cohort Study"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["166204"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["166204"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We previously showed that anticholinergic (ACH) medications contribute to self-reported neurocognitive impairment (NCI) in elderly people with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH). The current cross-sectional study further evaluated the effect of ACH and sedative drugs on neurocognitive function in PWH who underwent comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A medication review was performed in PWH enrolled in the prospective Neurocognitive Assessment in Metabolic and Aging Cohort within the Swiss HIV Cohort Study. Neurocognitive functions were analyzed in 5 domains (motor skills, speed of information, attention\/working memory, executive functions, and verbal learning memory). The effect of ACH and sedative medications on neurocognitive functioning was evaluated using linear regression models for the continuous (mean z-score) outcome and multivariable logistic regression models for the binary (presence\/absence) outcome.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 963 PWH (80% male, 92% Caucasian, 96% virologically suppressed, median age 52) were included. Fourteen percent of participants were prescribed \u22651 ACH medication and 9% were prescribed \u22651 sedative medication. Overall, 40% of participants had NCI. Sedative medication use was associated with impaired attention\/verbal learning and ACH medication use with motor skills deficits both in the continuous (mean z-score difference \u22120.26 to \u22120.14, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001 and P\u2009=\u2009.06) and binary (odds ratio [OR], \u22651.67; P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.05) models. Their combined use was associated with deficits in overall neurocognitive functions in both models (mean z-score difference \u22120.12, P\u2009=\u2009.002 and OR = 1.54, P\u2009=\u2009.03). These associations were unchanged in a subgroup analysis of participants without depression (n\u2009=\u2009824).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Anticholinergic and sedative medications contribute to NCI. Clinicians need to consider these drugs when assessing NCI in PWH.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofac457","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,2]],"date-time":"2022-09-02T07:42:59Z","timestamp":1662104579000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Anticholinergic and Sedative Medications Are Associated With Neurocognitive Performance of Well Treated People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Bernadette","family":"Jakeman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Practice and Administrative Sciences, University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy , Albuquerque, New Mexico , USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel , Basel , Switzerland"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, 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