{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T01:31:20Z","timestamp":1772155880667,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rapid diagnostic and prognostic tests for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) are urgently required. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic ability of breath analysis using gas chromatography\u2013ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Between February and May 2021, we took 1 breath sample for analysis using GC-IMS from participants who were admitted to the hospital for COVID-19, participants who were admitted to the hospital for other respiratory infections, and symptom-free controls, at the University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, United Kingdom. Demographic, clinical, and radiological data, including requirement for continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) ventilation as a marker for severe disease in the COVID-19 group, were collected.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 113 participants were recruited into the study. Seventy-two (64%) were diagnosed with COVID-19, 20 (18%) were diagnosed with another respiratory infection, and 21 (19%) were healthy controls. Differentiation between participants with COVID-19 and those with other respiratory tract infections with GC-IMS was highly accurate (sensitivity\/specificity, 0.80\/0.88; area under the receiver operating characteristics curve [AUROC], 0.85; 95% CI, 0.74\u20130.96). GC-IMS was also moderately accurate at identifying those who subsequently required CPAP (sensitivity\/specificity, 0.62\/0.80; AUROC, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.53\u20130.87).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>GC-IMS shows promise as both a diagnostic tool and a predictor of prognosis in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and should be assessed further in larger studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofac509","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T07:18:23Z","timestamp":1664608703000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Discriminatory Ability of Gas Chromatography\u2013Ion Mobility Spectrometry to Identify Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 and Predict Prognosis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0603-9091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua","family":"Nazareth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester , Leicester , United Kingdom"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust , Leicester , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester , Leicester , United Kingdom"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust , Leicester , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jee Whang","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester , Leicester , United Kingdom"},{"name":"Respiratory Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester , Leicester , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jack","family":"Leach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Leicester Medical School , Leicester , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James G","family":"Brosnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Leicester Medical School , Leicester , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Leicester Medical School , Leicester , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Brodrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IMSPEX Diagnostics Ltd , Abercynon , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Bird","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust , Leicester , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alfian","family":"Wicaksono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, University of Warwick , Coventry , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Daulton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, University of Warwick , Coventry , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julian W","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester , Leicester , United Kingdom"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust , Leicester , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester , Leicester , United Kingdom"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust , Leicester , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pranabashis","family":"Haldar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester , Leicester , United Kingdom"},{"name":"Respiratory Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester , Leicester , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James A","family":"Covington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, University of Warwick , Coventry , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manish","family":"Pareek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester , Leicester , United Kingdom"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust , Leicester , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amandip","family":"Sahota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust , Leicester , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022110513282215400_ofac509-B1","author":"World Health 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