{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T12:10:26Z","timestamp":1753877426413,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,9]],"date-time":"2022-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670544000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Antibiotic exposure is a primary predictor of subsequent antibiotic resistance; however, development of cross-resistance between antibiotic classes is also observed. The impact of changing to a different antibiotic from that of previous exposure is not established.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This was a retrospective, single-center cohort study of hospitalized adult patients previously exposed to an antipseudomonal \u03b2-lactam (APBL) for at least 48\u2005hours in the 90 days prior to the index infection with a gram-negative bloodstream or respiratory infection. Susceptibility rates to empiric therapy were compared between patients receiving the same (repeat group) versus a different antibiotic from prior exposure (change group).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 197 patients were included (n = 94 [repeat group] and n = 103 [change group]). Pathogen susceptibility to empiric therapy was higher in the repeat group compared to the change group (76.6% vs 60.2%; P = .014). After multivariable logistic regression, repeat APBL was associated with an increased likelihood of pathogen susceptibility (adjusted odds ratio, 2.513; P = .012). In contrast, there was no difference in susceptibility rates between the repeat group and the subgroup of change patients who received an empiric APBL (76.6% vs 78.5%; P = .900). Longer APBL exposure duration (P = .012) and chronic kidney disease (P = .002) were associated with higher nonsusceptibility to the exposure APBL. In-hospital mortality was not significantly different between the repeat and change groups (18.1% vs 23.3%; P = .368).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The common practice of changing to a different APBL from that of recent exposure may not be warranted.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofac659","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,9]],"date-time":"2022-12-09T12:14:34Z","timestamp":1670588074000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Quantifying Gram-Negative Resistance to Empiric Treatment After Repeat ExpoSure To AntimicRobial Therapy (RESTART)"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Arya","family":"Wibisono","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Methodist Dallas Medical Center , Dallas, Texas , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gaielle","family":"Harb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Methodist Dallas Medical Center , Dallas, Texas , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6353-2958","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew","family":"Crotty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Methodist Dallas Medical Center , Dallas, Texas , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristen","family":"Rahmanzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Methodist Dallas Medical Center , Dallas, Texas , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Alexander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Methodist Dallas Medical Center , Dallas, Texas , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leigh","family":"Hunter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Methodist Dallas Medical Center , Dallas, Texas , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Dominguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Organ Transplant Infectious Diseases, Methodist Transplant Specialists, Methodist Dallas Medical Center , Dallas, Texas , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022122810514663600_ofac659-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1086\/595011","article-title":"Bad bugs, no drugs: no ESKAPE! 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