{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T12:11:08Z","timestamp":1753877468280,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]],"date-time":"2022-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671580800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007037","name":"Danish Ministry of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2012461"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2012461"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007037","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007437","name":"Tryg Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007437","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Independent Research Fund Denmark","award":["8020-00284"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["8020-00284"]}]},{"name":"Carlsberg Foundation"},{"name":"Semper Ardens Research Project","award":["CF20-0046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CF20-0046"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is associated with persistent symptoms (\u201clong COVID\u201d). We assessed the burden of long COVID among nonhospitalized adults with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)\u2013confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In the fall of 2020, a cross-sectional survey was performed in the adult Danish general population. This included a self-administered point-of-care test for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, the Short Form Health Survey (SF-12), and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)\u2013associated symptom questions. Nonhospitalized respondents with a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test \u226512 weeks before the survey (cases) were matched (1:10) to seronegative controls on age, sex, and body mass index. Propensity score\u2013weighted odds ratios (ORs) and ORs for risk factors were estimated for each health outcome.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In total, 742 cases and 7420 controls were included. The attributable risk of at least 1 long-COVID symptom was 25.0 per 100 cases (95% confidence interval [CI], 22.2\u201327.4). Compared to controls, cases reported worse general health (OR, 5.9 [95% CI, 5.0\u20137.0]) and had higher odds for a broad range of symptoms, particularly loss of taste (OR, 11.8 [95% CI, 9.5\u201314.6]) and smell (OR, 11.2 [95% CI, 9.1\u201313.9]). Physical and Mental Component Summary scores were also significantly reduced with differences of \u22122.5 (95% CI, \u22123.1 to \u22121.8) and \u22122.0 (95% CI, \u22122.7 to \u22121.2), respectively. Female sex and severity of initial infection were major risk factors for long COVID.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Nonhospitalized SARS-CoV-2 PCR\u2013positive individuals had significantly reduced physical and mental health, and 1 in 4 reported persistence of at least 1 long-COVID symptom.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofac679","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,22]],"date-time":"2022-12-22T06:22:25Z","timestamp":1671690145000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Persistent Symptoms and Sequelae After Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection Not Requiring Hospitalization: Results From Testing Denmark, a Danish Cross-sectional Survey"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9216-8393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maarten","family":"van Wijhe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University , Roskilde , Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6669-6894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamille","family":"Fogh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital , Herlev and Gentofte , Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital , Herlev and Gentofte , Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9709-356X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steen","family":"Ethelberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Statens Serum Institut , Copenhagen , Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0504-8487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kasper","family":"Karmark Iversen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital , Herlev and Gentofte , Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital , Herlev and Gentofte , Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0841-8255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henrik","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Aalborg University Hospital , Aalborg , Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University , Aalborg , Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2459-0511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lars","family":"\u00d8stergaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Statens Serum Institut , Copenhagen , Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus , Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4074-6504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Berit","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Statens Serum Institut , 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