{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T12:09:05Z","timestamp":1753877345692,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Interagency Agreements","award":["16FED1612328","17FED1712076","18FED1812054IPD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16FED1612328","17FED1712076","18FED1812054IPD"]}]},{"name":"US Naval Medical Research Unit","award":["HHSD2002013M53890B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSD2002013M53890B"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008769","name":"Abt Associates","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Few studies have examined influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) among women during pregnancy in middle-income countries. We used data from a prospective cohort of women who were pregnant in Peru to estimate effectiveness of the 2018 Southern Hemisphere influenza vaccine.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Women at &amp;lt;28 weeks gestation were enrolled from 4 tertiary level hospitals in Lima, Peru at the start of the 2018 influenza season and followed until the end of their pregnancies. Participants had mid-turbinate nasal swabs collected and tested for influenza by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with onset of \u22651 of myalgia, cough, runny nose or nasal congestion, sore throat, or difficulty breathing. Time-varying Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate the risk of RT-PCR-confirmed influenza infection after adjusting for inverse probability treatment weight.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We followed 1896 women for a median of 127 days (interquartile range [IQR], 86\u2013174). Participants had a median age of 29 years (IQR, 24\u201334). Among the 1896 women, 49% were vaccinated with the 2018 influenza vaccine and 1039 (55%) developed influenza-like illness, 76 (7%) of whom had RT-PCR-confirmed influenza. Incidence rates of RT-PCR-confirmed influenza were 36.6 and 15.3 per 100 000 person-days among women who were unvaccinated and vaccinated, respectively. Adjusted influenza VE was 22% (95% confidence interval, \u221264.1% to 62.9%).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Participants vaccinated against influenza had more than 50% lower incidence of RT-PCR-confirmed influenza illness. Although the VE estimated through propensity weight-adjusted time-varying Cox regression did not reach statistical significance, our findings provide additional evidence about the value of maternal influenza vaccination in middle-income countries.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofad033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T21:13:08Z","timestamp":1675285988000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effectiveness of Maternal Influenza Vaccination in Peru PRIME Cohort"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0114-5829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Owusu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fatimah S","family":"Dawood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Azziz-Baumgartner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yeny","family":"Tinoco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6 , Bellavista , Peru"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giselle","family":"Soto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6 , Bellavista , Peru"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oswaldo","family":"Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal , Lima , Peru"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Santiago","family":"Cabrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Nacional Docente Madre Ni\u00f1o San Bartolom\u00e9 , Lima , Peru"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Florian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza , Lima , Peru"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edwin","family":"Llajaruna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo , Lima , Peru"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danielle Rentz","family":"Hunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Abt Associates, Inc. , Atlanta , Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meredith G","family":"Wesley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA"},{"name":"Abt Associates, Inc. , Atlanta , Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tat","family":"Yau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carmen S","family":"Arriola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023021415543068200_ofad033-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.02.040","article-title":"Who and when to vaccinate against influenza","volume":"93","author":"Buchy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2023021415543068200_ofad033-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e11","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu915","article-title":"Maternal influenza immunization and birth outcomes of stillbirth and spontaneous abortion: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"60","author":"Bratton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2023021415543068200_ofad033-B3","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevention and control of seasonal influenza with vaccines: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2009","volume":"58","author":"Fiore","year":"2009","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"2023021415543068200_ofad033-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.12.056","article-title":"The effectiveness of influenza vaccination in pregnancy in relation to child health outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"38","author":"Jarvis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2023021415543068200_ofad033-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2017.1345385","article-title":"Influenza vaccination during pregnancy for prevention of influenza confirmed illness in the infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Nunes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin Immunother"},{"key":"2023021415543068200_ofad033-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5738","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.08.037","article-title":"Influenza epidemiology and immunization during pregnancy: final report of a World Health Organization working group","volume":"35","author":"Fell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"author":"PAHO","key":"2023021415543068200_ofad033-B7"},{"key":"2023021415543068200_ofad033-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.11.016","article-title":"A community-based survey on influenza and vaccination knowledge, perceptions and practices in Peru","volume":"38","author":"Reinders","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2023021415543068200_ofad033-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2176","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2020.1851536","article-title":"What do pregnant women think about influenza disease and vaccination practices in selected countries","volume":"17","author":"Arriola","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin Immunother"},{"key":"2023021415543068200_ofad033-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3686","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2018.05.013","article-title":"Knowledge, attitudes and practices about influenza vaccination among pregnant women and healthcare providers serving pregnant women in Managua, Nicaragua","volume":"36","author":"Arriola","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2023021415543068200_ofad033-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4805","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2020.04.033","article-title":"The faces of influenza vaccine recommendation: a literature review of the determinants and barriers to health providers\u2019 recommendation of influenza vaccine in pregnancy","volume":"38","author":"Morales","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2023021415543068200_ofad033-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-018-0600-x","article-title":"The Pregnancy and Influenza Multinational Epidemiologic (PRIME) study: a prospective cohort study of the impact of influenza during pregnancy among women in middle-income countries","volume":"15","author":"Dawood","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reprod Health"},{"key":"2023021415543068200_ofad033-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30592-2","article-title":"Incidence of influenza during pregnancy and association with pregnancy and perinatal outcomes in three middle-income countries: a multisite prospective longitudinal cohort study","volume":"21","author":"Dawood","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2023021415543068200_ofad033-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0227962","article-title":"Genetic evolution of influenza viruses among selected countries in Latin America 2017\u20132018","volume":"15","author":"Leite","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"author":"PAHO","key":"2023021415543068200_ofad033-B15"},{"author":"WHO","key":"2023021415543068200_ofad033-B16"},{"key":"2023021415543068200_ofad033-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6956","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2021.07.077","article-title":"Influenza vaccine effectiveness within prospective cohorts of healthcare personnel in Israel and Peru 2016\u20132019","volume":"39","author":"Thompson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2023021415543068200_ofad033-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30252-9","article-title":"Year-round influenza immunisation during pregnancy in Nepal: a phase 4, randomised, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"17","author":"Steinhoff","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2023021415543068200_ofad033-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz543","article-title":"Spread of antigenically drifted influenza A(H3N2) viruses and vaccine effectiveness in the United States during the 2018\u20132019 season","volume":"221","author":"Flannery","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2023021415543068200_ofad033-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2020.04.060","article-title":"Effectiveness of quadrivalent influenza vaccine in pregnant women and infants 2018\u20132019","volume":"38","author":"Maltezou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"author":"Australian Government Department of Health","key":"2023021415543068200_ofad033-B21"},{"key":"2023021415543068200_ofad033-B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/ S1473-3099(22)00493-5","article-title":"Severity of influenza illness associated with seasonal influenza vaccination among hospitalized patients in four South American countries 2013\u20132019: a surveillance-based cohort study","author":"Regan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2023021415543068200_ofad033-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6874","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.09.059","article-title":"A cost-effectiveness analysis of antenatal influenza vaccination among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected pregnant women in South Africa","volume":"37","author":"Biggerstaff","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2023021415543068200_ofad033-B24","first-page":"49","article-title":"Costs and effectiveness of influenza vaccination: a systematic review","volume":"54","author":"D'Angiolella","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Ist Super Sanita"},{"key":"2023021415543068200_ofad033-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12357","article-title":"A population-based estimate of the economic burden of influenza in Peru 2009\u20132010","volume":"10","author":"Tinoco","year":"2016","journal-title":"Influenza Other Respir Viruses"},{"key":"2023021415543068200_ofad033-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.09.013","article-title":"Influenza cost and cost-effectiveness studies globally\u2013a review","volume":"31","author":"Peasah","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2023021415543068200_ofad033-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(19)30479-5","article-title":"Efficacy, duration of protection, birth outcomes, and infant growth associated with influenza vaccination in pregnancy: a pooled analysis of three randomised controlled trials","volume":"8","author":"Omer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"author":"Pan American Health Organization","key":"2023021415543068200_ofad033-B28"},{"author":"WHO","key":"2023021415543068200_ofad033-B29"},{"key":"2023021415543068200_ofad033-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2019.100047","article-title":"Influenza vaccine effectiveness against hospitalizations in children and older adults-data from South America 2013\u20132017. A test negative design","volume":"3","author":"Sofia Arriola","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vaccine X"},{"key":"2023021415543068200_ofad033-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2257","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.7776","article-title":"Realizing the potential of maternal influenza vaccination","volume":"325","author":"Azziz-Baumgartner","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"}],"container-title":["Open Forum Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofad033\/49016216\/ofad033.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article-pdf\/10\/2\/ofad033\/49178211\/ofad033.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article-pdf\/10\/2\/ofad033\/49178211\/ofad033.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]],"date-time":"2023-02-14T17:45:13Z","timestamp":1676396713000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofad033\/7019427"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofad033","relation":{},"ISSN":["2328-8957"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2328-8957"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]]},"article-number":"ofad033"}}