{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T22:40:16Z","timestamp":1788302416125,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,27]],"date-time":"2023-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674777600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"AbbVie"},{"name":"Inc"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The temporal and longitudinal trends of \u03b2-lactamases and their associated susceptibility patterns were analyzed for Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates consecutively collected in 56\u2005United States hospitals during 2016\u20132020.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Isolates (n = 19 453) were susceptibility tested by reference broth microdilution methods. Isolates that displayed minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values \u22652\u2005mg\/L for at least 2 of the following compounds\u2014ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, aztreonam, or cefepime\u2014or resistance to the carbapenems were submitted to whole genome sequencing for identification of \u03b2-lactamases. Longitudinal and temporal trends were determined by slope coefficient. New CTX-M and OXA-1 variants were characterized.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases (ESBLs) were detected among 88.0% of the isolates that displayed elevated cephalosporin\/aztreonam MICs without carbapenem resistance. blaCTX-M-15 was detected among 55.5% of the ESBL producers. ESBL rates were stable over time, but significant increases were noted among bloodstream infection and K pneumoniae isolates, mainly driven by an increase in blaCTX-M. Carbapenem resistance and carbapenemase genes were noted among 166 and 145 isolates, respectively, including 137 blaKPC, 6 blaSME, 3 blaOXA-48\u2013like, and 3 blaNDM. Ceftazidime-avibactam and carbapenems were very active (&amp;gt;99% susceptibility) against ESBL producers without carbapenem resistance. Ceftazidime-avibactam inhibited 97.0% of the carbapenem-resistant isolates. This agent and meropenem-vaborbactam inhibited 96.4% and 85.0% of the 2020 isolates, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, ESBL-producing isolates were stable, but an increase was noted for K pneumoniae isolates driven by CTX-M production. Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales rates decreased in the study period. The prevalence of metallo-\u03b2-lactamases and OXA-48\u2013like remains low. Continuous surveillance of \u03b2-lactamase\u2013producing isolates is prudent.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofad038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,28]],"date-time":"2023-01-28T07:59:08Z","timestamp":1674892748000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Trends of \u03b2-Lactamase Occurrence Among<i>Escherichia coli<\/i>and<i>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/i>in United States Hospitals During a 5-Year Period and Activity of Antimicrobial Agents Against Isolates Stratified by \u03b2-Lactamase Type"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0126-1782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariana","family":"Castanheira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"JMI Laboratories , North Liberty, Iowa , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0457-1543","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John H","family":"Kimbrough","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"JMI Laboratories , North Liberty, Iowa , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6902-9763","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sean","family":"DeVries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"JMI Laboratories , North Liberty, Iowa , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8648-1137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigo E","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"JMI Laboratories , North Liberty, Iowa , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7022-6644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helio S","family":"Sader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"JMI Laboratories , North Liberty, Iowa , 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