{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T19:05:37Z","timestamp":1791140737352,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"Supplement_1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,2]],"date-time":"2023-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685664000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":32,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>There is now a robust pipeline of licensed and World Health Organization (WHO)\u2013prequalified typhoid conjugate vaccines with a steady progression of national introductions. However, typhoid fever is responsible for less than half the total global burden of Salmonella disease, and even less among children aged &amp;lt;5 years. Invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella disease is the dominant clinical presentation of Salmonella in Africa, and over a quarter of enteric fever in Asia is due to paratyphoid A. In this article, we explore the case for combination Salmonella vaccines, review the current pipeline of these vaccines, and discuss key considerations for their development, including geographies of use, age of administration, and pathways to licensure. While a trivalent typhoid\/nontyphoidal Salmonella vaccine is attractive for Africa, and a bivalent enteric fever vaccine for Asia, a quadrivalent vaccine covering the 4 main disease-causing serovars of Salmonella enterica would provide a single vaccine option for global Salmonella coverage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofad041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,2]],"date-time":"2023-06-02T21:31:16Z","timestamp":1685741476000},"page":"S58-S66","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["<i>Salmonella<\/i> Combination Vaccines: Moving Beyond Typhoid"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9694-0846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Calman A","family":"MacLennan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Enteric and Diarrheal Diseases, Global Health, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation , Seattle, Washington , USA"},{"name":"Jenner Institute, University of Oxford , Oxford , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Stanaway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Grow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Enteric and Diarrheal Diseases, Global Health, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation , Seattle, Washington , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirsten","family":"Vannice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Enteric and Diarrheal Diseases, Global Health, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation , Seattle, Washington , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A Duncan","family":"Steele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Enteric and Diarrheal Diseases, Global Health, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation , Seattle, Washington , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2023060210571849700_ofad041-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S22","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy884","article-title":"Overview of the typhoid conjugate vaccine pipeline: current status and future plans","volume":"68","author":"Sahastrabuddhe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2023060210571849700_ofad041-B2","author":"Gavi","year":"2020"},{"key":"2023060210571849700_ofad041-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S185","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa343","article-title":"Typhoid conjugate vaccines and enteric fever control: where to next?","volume":"71","author":"Steele","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2023060210571849700_ofad041-B4","author":"The Review on Antimicrobial 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