{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T06:00:31Z","timestamp":1783749631519,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,27]],"date-time":"2023-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674777600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["K23 NS110470)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23 NS110470)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Curtis Fitzsimmons Infectious Disease Research Fellowship"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) is a serious, emerging complication of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We performed a systematic review of published cases. We describe 6 new cases of PCP\/COVID-19 coinfection. Among our cases (n = 6) and those in the literature (n = 69) with available data, the median age (interquartile range [IQR]) was 59 (44\u201377) years (n = 38), 72% (47\/65) were male, and the mortality rate was 30.9% (21\/68).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Long-term corticosteroid use was noted in 45.1% (23\/51), advanced HIV infection (defined as a CD4 count &amp;lt;200 cells\/\u03bcL) in 17.6% (9\/51), and antineoplastic chemotherapy in 13.7% (7\/51), consistent with known PCP risk factors. Notably, 56.7% (38\/47) had verifiable risk factors for PCP (high-dose corticosteroids, immunosuppressive therapy, and HIV infection) before COVID-19 infection. A median absolute lymphocyte count (IQR) of 0.61 (0.28\u20130.92) \u00d7103\u2005cells\/mm3 (n = 23) and CD4 count (IQR) of 66 (33\u2013291.5)\u2005cells\/mm3 (n = 20) were also discovered among the study population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings suggest a need for greater attention to PCP risk factors among COVID-19 patients and consideration of PCP prophylaxis in these high-risk populations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofad043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,28]],"date-time":"2023-01-28T07:59:18Z","timestamp":1674892758000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["<i>Pneumocystis jirovecii<\/i>Infections Among COVID-19 Patients: A Case Series and Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Paul","family":"Amstutz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas , 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