{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T06:40:37Z","timestamp":1784011237311,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,24]],"date-time":"2023-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Research Council","award":["949963"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["949963"]}]},{"name":"Sir Henry Wellcome Postdoctoral Fellowship","award":["224190\/Z\/21\/Z)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["224190\/Z\/21\/Z)"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["224190\/Z\/21\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["224190\/Z\/21\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Loiasis (Loa loa filariasis) is considered a benign disease and is currently not included in the World Health Organization\u2019s (WHO's) list of Neglected Tropical Diseases, despite mounting evidence suggesting significant disease burden in endemic areas. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to assess the mortality associated with L. loa microfilaremia in the Southwestern Republic of Congo.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The cohort included 3329 individuals from 53 villages screened for loiasis in 2004. We compared mortality rates in 2021 for individuals initially diagnosed as with or without L. loa microfilariae 17 years earlier. Data were analyzed at the community level to calculate crude mortality rates. Survival models were used to estimate the effect of L. loa microfilaremia on mortality in the population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>At baseline, prevalence of microfilaremia was 16.2%. During 17.62 years of cohort follow-up, 751 deaths were recorded, representing a crude mortality rate of 15.36 (95% CI, 14.28\u201316.50) per 1000 person-years. Median survival time was 58.5 (95% CI, 49.7\u201367.3) years and 39.2 (95% CI, 32.6\u201345.8) years for amicrofilaremic and microfilaremic indiviudals, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>A significant reduction in life expectancy was associated with L. loa microfilaremia, confirming previous observations from Cameroon. This adds to the evidence that loiasis is not a benign disease and deserves to be included in the WHO's list of Neglected Tropical Diseases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofad103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,24]],"date-time":"2023-02-24T13:35:27Z","timestamp":1677245727000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Excess Mortality Associated With Loiasis: Confirmation by a New Retrospective Cohort Study Conducted in the Republic of Congo"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Marlhand C","family":"Hemilembolo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UMI 233 TransVIHMI, Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement (IRD), INSERM Unit\u00e9 , Montpellier , France"},{"name":"Programme National de Lutte contre l'Onchocercose, Direction de l'\u00c9pid\u00e9miologie et de la Lutte contre les Maladies, Minist\u00e8re de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Population , Brazzaville , R\u00e9publique du Congo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ange Clauvel","family":"Niama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics, Imperial College London , London , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4400-5204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00e9r\u00e9my T","family":"Campillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMI 233 TransVIHMI, Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement (IRD), INSERM Unit\u00e9 , Montpellier , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00e9bastien D","family":"Pion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMI 233 TransVIHMI, Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement (IRD), INSERM Unit\u00e9 , Montpellier , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Missamou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programme National de Lutte contre l'Onchocercose, Direction de l'\u00c9pid\u00e9miologie et de la Lutte contre les Maladies, Minist\u00e8re de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Population , Brazzaville , R\u00e9publique du Congo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Whittaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics, Imperial College London , London , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-M\u00e9dard","family":"Kankou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programme National de Lutte contre l'Onchocercose, Direction de l'\u00c9pid\u00e9miologie et de la Lutte contre les Maladies, Minist\u00e8re de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Population , Brazzaville , R\u00e9publique du Congo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gilbert","family":"Ndziessi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facult\u00e9 des Sciences de la Sant\u00e9, Universit\u00e9 Marien-Ngouabi , Brazzaville , R\u00e9publique du Congo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard R","family":"Bileckot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facult\u00e9 des Sciences de la Sant\u00e9, Universit\u00e9 Marien-Ngouabi , Brazzaville , R\u00e9publique du Congo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Boussinesq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMI 233 TransVIHMI, Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement (IRD), INSERM Unit\u00e9 , Montpellier , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8779-977X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9dric B","family":"Chesnais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMI 233 TransVIHMI, Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement (IRD), INSERM Unit\u00e9 , Montpellier , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023032309271941800_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2281","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz647","article-title":"Projected number of people with onchocerciasis\u2013loiasis coinfection in Africa, 1995 to 2025","volume":"70","author":"Vinkeles Melchers","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2023032309271941800_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-4758(88)90019-1","article-title":"Loa loa\u2014a neglected 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