{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T15:20:01Z","timestamp":1793719201746,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"Supplement_1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,2]],"date-time":"2023-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685664000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":32,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Typhoid is an enteric disease caused by Salmonella Typhi. Like many febrile illnesses, typhoid presents with nonspecific symptoms. In routine healthcare settings in low- and middle-income countries, typhoid fever is suspected and treated empirically. Though many diagnostic tests are available for typhoid diagnosis, there are currently no diagnostic tests that meet ideal requirements for sensitivity, specificity, speed, and cost-effectiveness. With introduction of typhoid conjugate vaccine, it is essential to explore the current and future typhoid approach in the context of use case and access to ensure their utilization for disease control.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofad120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,2]],"date-time":"2023-06-02T17:30:45Z","timestamp":1685727045000},"page":"S17-S20","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Diagnostics for Typhoid Fever: Current Perspectives and Future Outlooks for Product Development and Access"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Jyotshna","family":"Sapkota","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"FIND, the Global Alliance for Diagnostics , Geneva , Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Nepal Medical College , Kathmandu , Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamalee","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit, Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital , Vientiane , Lao People\u2019s Democratic Republic"},{"name":"Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford , Oxford , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Buddha","family":"Basnyat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford University Clinical Research Unit , Kathmandu , Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus , Cambridge , United Kingdom"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus , Cambridge , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lee M","family":"Hampton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance , Geneva , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"Dittrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FIND, the Global Alliance for Diagnostics , Geneva , Switzerland"},{"name":"Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford , Oxford , United Kingdom"},{"name":"Deggendorf Institute of Technology, European Campus Rottal-Inn , Pfarrkirchen , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023060210571486100_ofad120-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina54020023","article-title":"Typhoid fever diagnosis in endemic countries: a clog in the wheel of progress?","volume":"54","author":"Ajibola","year":"2018","journal-title":"Medicina (Kaunas)"},{"key":"2023060210571486100_ofad120-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.18-0111","article-title":"Typhoid fever: way forward","volume":"99","author":"Bhutta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2023060210571486100_ofad120-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"020407","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.05.020407","article-title":"Systematic review of the global epidemiology, clinical and laboratory profile of enteric fever","volume":"5","author":"Azmatullah","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Glob Health"},{"key":"2023060210571486100_ofad120-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101946","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2020.101946","article-title":"Typhoid fever infection\u2014antibiotic resistance and vaccination strategies: a narrative review","volume":"40","author":"Masuet-Aumatell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Travel Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"2023060210571486100_ofad120-B5","author":"Lao Statistics Bureau","year":"2016"},{"key":"2023060210571486100_ofad120-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.19-0637","article-title":"Typhoid in Laos: an 18-year perspective","volume":"102","author":"Roberts","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2023060210571486100_ofad120-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-05872-8","article-title":"Impact of delays to incubation and storage temperature on blood culture results: a multi-centre study","volume":"21","author":"Ling","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"2023060210571486100_ofad120-B8","first-page":"271","article-title":"Burden of typhoid fever and cholera: similarities and differences. 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