{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T22:42:14Z","timestamp":1792190534555,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,24]],"date-time":"2023-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"(NIH)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Disparities in mortality in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)\u2013associated Kaposi sarcoma have been described, particularly in Black men in the southern United States. It is unclear if there are racial\/ethnic differences in the seroprevalence of Kaposi sarcoma\u2013associated herpesvirus (KSHV) that may be contributing.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This is a cross-sectional study of men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women with HIV. Participants were recruited from an outpatient HIV clinic in Dallas, Texas, for a 1-time study visit and were excluded from analysis if they had any history of KSHV disease. Plasma was tested for antibodies to KSHV K8.1 or ORF73 antigens, and KSHV DNA was measured in oral fluids and blood by polymerase chain reaction. KSHV seroprevalence and viral shedding in blood and oral fluids were calculated. Additionally, independent risk factors for KSHV seropositivity were assessed by multivariable logistic regression analysis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Two hundred five participants were included in our analysis. Overall, KSHV seroprevalence was high (68%) with no significant difference between racial\/ethnic groups. Among seropositive participants, KSHV DNA was detected in 28.6% of oral fluids and 10.9% of peripheral blood specimens, respectively. The factors most strongly associated with KSHV seropositivity were oral\u2013anal sex (odds ratio [OR], 3.02), oral\u2013penile sex (OR, 4.63), and methamphetamine use (OR, 4.67).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>High local seroprevalence of KSHV is likely a key driver of the high burden of KSHV-associated diseases regionally, though it does not explain the observed disparities in KSHV-associated disease prevalence among racial\/ethnic groups. Our findings support that KSHV is primarily transmitted via exchange of oral fluids.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofad160","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,24]],"date-time":"2023-03-24T17:38:28Z","timestamp":1679679508000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["High Seroprevalence of Kaposi Sarcoma\u2013Associated Herpesvirus in Men Who Have Sex With Men With HIV in the Southern United States"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9959-1485","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheena M","family":"Knights","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas , USA"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Parkland Health , Dallas, Texas , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maverick","family":"Salyards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noelle","family":"Kendall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas , USA"},{"name":"Department of Physician Assistant Studies, Chapman University , Orange, California , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susana M","family":"Lazarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas , USA"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Parkland Health , Dallas, Texas , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Radhika","family":"Kainthla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Parkland Health , Dallas, Texas , USA"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wendell","family":"Miley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Oncology Section, AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Inc, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research , Frederick, Maryland , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vickie","family":"Marshall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Oncology Section, AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Inc, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research , Frederick, Maryland , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nazzarena","family":"Labo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Oncology Section, AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Inc, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research , Frederick, Maryland , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7407-2563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Denise","family":"Whitby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Oncology Section, AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Inc, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research , Frederick, Maryland , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5752-2916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth Y","family":"Chiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, Texas , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ank E","family":"Nijhawan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas , USA"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Parkland Health , Dallas, Texas , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023042214485541900_ofad160-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e495","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(17)30125-X","article-title":"Cancer risk in HIV-infected people in the USA from 1996 to 2012: a population-based, registry-linkage study","volume":"4","author":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Ram\u00edrez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"key":"2023042214485541900_ofad160-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268812000325","article-title":"Epidemiology of classic and AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma in the USA: incidence, survival, and geographical distribution from 1975 to 2005","volume":"141","author":"Armstrong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"2023042214485541900_ofad160-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0182750","article-title":"Disparities in Kaposi sarcoma incidence and survival in the United States: 2000\u20132013","volume":"12","author":"Royse","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2023042214485541900_ofad160-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2718","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-10-0307","article-title":"Trends in Kaposi's sarcoma survival disparities in the United States: 1980 through 2004","volume":"19","author":"Datta","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"2023042214485541900_ofad160-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2226","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa999","article-title":"Kaposi sarcoma rates among persons living with human immunodeficiency virus in the United States: 2008\u20132016","volume":"73","author":"Luo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2023042214485541900_ofad160-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000002050","article-title":"Incidence of AIDS-related Kaposi sarcoma in all 50 United States from 2000 to 2014","volume":"81","author":"White","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"2023042214485541900_ofad160-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jncics\/pkac078","article-title":"Incidence trends of Kaposi sarcoma among young non-Hispanic Black men by US regions, 2001\u20132018","volume":"6","author":"Suk","year":"2022","journal-title":"JNCI Cancer Spectr"},{"key":"2023042214485541900_ofad160-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000003155","article-title":"Mortality disparities among patients with HIV-associated Kaposi's sarcoma in the southern United States","volume":"36","author":"Knights","year":"2022","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2023042214485541900_ofad160-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1865","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7997879","article-title":"Identification of herpesvirus-like DNA sequences in AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma","volume":"266","author":"Chang","year":"1994","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2023042214485541900_ofad160-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0060-9","article-title":"Kaposi sarcoma","volume":"5","author":"Cesarman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"2023042214485541900_ofad160-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000000682","article-title":"Epidemiology of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus in HIV-1-infected US persons in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy","volume":"29","author":"Labo","year":"2015","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2023042214485541900_ofad160-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1086\/518791","article-title":"Risk factors for human herpesvirus 8 infection among adults in the United States and evidence for sexual transmission","volume":"196","author":"Engels","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2023042214485541900_ofad160-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.2003.00490.x","article-title":"Multicenter comparison of serologic assays and estimation of human herpesvirus 8 seroprevalence among US blood donors","volume":"43","author":"Pellett","year":"2003","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"2023042214485541900_ofad160-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2009.02559.x","article-title":"Human herpesvirus 8 genomes and seroprevalence in United States blood donors","volume":"50","author":"Qu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"2023042214485541900_ofad160-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.24960","article-title":"Global epidemiology of human herpesvirus 8 in men who have sex with men: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"90","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"2023042214485541900_ofad160-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.2353\/jmoldx.2007.060175","article-title":"Isolation of microarray-grade total RNA, microRNA, and DNA from a single PAXgene blood RNA tube","volume":"9","author":"Kruh\u00f8ffer","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Mol Diagn"},{"key":"2023042214485541900_ofad160-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-014-0698-y","article-title":"The validity of the Substance Abuse and Mental Illness Symptom Screener (SAMISS) in people living with HIV\/AIDS in primary HIV care in Cape Town, South Africa","volume":"18","author":"Breuer","year":"2014","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"key":"2023042214485541900_ofad160-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2010.02.015","article-title":"Detection of antibodies to Kaposi\u2019s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus: a new approach using K8.1 ELISA and a newly developed recombinant LANA ELISA","volume":"356","author":"Mbisa","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods"},{"key":"2023042214485541900_ofad160-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004046","article-title":"Heterogeneity and breadth of host antibody response to KSHV infection demonstrated by systematic analysis of the KSHV proteome","volume":"10","author":"Labo","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"2023042214485541900_ofad160-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-0934(00)00244-5","article-title":"A quantification of human cells using an ERV-3 real time PCR assay","volume":"91","author":"Yuan","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Virol Methods"},{"key":"2023042214485541900_ofad160-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6977","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-11-317610","article-title":"High-dose zidovudine plus valganciclovir for Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus\u2013associated multicentric Castleman disease: a pilot study of virus-activated cytotoxic therapy","volume":"117","author":"Uldrick","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2023042214485541900_ofad160-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2468","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.32546","article-title":"Mutual detection of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus and Epstein-Barr virus in blood and saliva of Cameroonians with and without Kaposi's sarcoma","volume":"145","author":"Labo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"2023042214485541900_ofad160-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2005.10.010","article-title":"Risk factors for human herpesvirus 8 seropositivity in the AIDS Cancer Cohort Study","volume":"35","author":"Mbulaiteye","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"key":"2023042214485541900_ofad160-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.07.098","article-title":"Geographic heterogeneity of prevalence of the human herpesvirus 8 in sub-Saharan Africa: clues about etiology","volume":"20","author":"Pfeiffer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"2023042214485541900_ofad160-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1016\/S1047-2797(01)00242-3","article-title":"Seroprevalence of Kaposi\u2019s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection among blood donors from Texas","volume":"11","author":"Baillargeon","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"2023042214485541900_ofad160-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200011093431904","article-title":"Mucosal shedding of human herpesvirus 8 in men","volume":"343","author":"Pauk","year":"2000","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2023042214485541900_ofad160-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1086\/421466","article-title":"Shedding of human herpesvirus 8 in oral and genital secretions from HIV-1-seropositive and -seronegative Kenyan women","volume":"190","author":"Taylor","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2023042214485541900_ofad160-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofab166","article-title":"Poppers, by inducing HHV-8 virion production, can act as a promoter for HHV-8 transmission in men who have sex with men","volume":"8","author":"Jary","year":"2021","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"2023042214485541900_ofad160-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2018.11.014","article-title":"Chemsex behaviours among men who have sex with men: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"63","author":"Maxwell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Drug Policy"},{"key":"2023042214485541900_ofad160-B30","first-page":"229","article-title":"Methamphetamine abuse and oral health: a pilot study of \u201cmeth mouth.\u201d","volume":"43","author":"Ravenel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Quintessence Int"},{"key":"2023042214485541900_ofad160-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X13666141210215423","article-title":"GHB pharmacology and toxicology: acute intoxication, concentrations in blood and urine in forensic cases and treatment of the withdrawal syndrome","volume":"13","author":"Busard\u00f2","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Neuropharmacol"},{"key":"2023042214485541900_ofad160-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-230X(06)97004-3","article-title":"Lytic cycle switches of oncogenic human gammaherpesviruses","volume":"97","author":"Miller","year":"2007","journal-title":"Adv Cancer Res"},{"key":"2023042214485541900_ofad160-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2014.0184","article-title":"Seroprevalence and determinants of Kaposi sarcoma-associated human herpesvirus 8 in Indian HIV-infected males","volume":"30","author":"Munawwar","year":"2014","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses"},{"key":"2023042214485541900_ofad160-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1576","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.21854","article-title":"Patterns of antibodies against latent and lytic antigens of human herpesvirus 8 in an endemic population and patients with Kaposi's sarcoma in Mozambique","volume":"82","author":"Caterino-de-Araujo","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Med Virol"}],"container-title":["Open Forum Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofad160\/49628978\/ofad160.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article-pdf\/10\/4\/ofad160\/50066149\/ofad160.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article-pdf\/10\/4\/ofad160\/50066149\/ofad160.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,22]],"date-time":"2023-04-22T14:49:28Z","timestamp":1682174968000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofad160\/7085688"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,24]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofad160","relation":{},"ISSN":["2328-8957"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2328-8957","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,24]]},"article-number":"ofad160"}}