{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T07:16:55Z","timestamp":1782544615570,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,21]],"date-time":"2023-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is highly effective at preventing active tuberculosis (TB) disease. Understanding LTBI treatment practices in US health system settings is critical to identify opportunities to improve treatment prescription, initiation, and completion, and thus to prevent TB disease.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We assessed LTBI treatment practices among a cohort of adults after their first positive LTBI test (tuberculin skin test [TST] or interferon gamma release assay [IGRA]) between 2009 and 2018 at 2 large integrated health systems in California. We described the prescription, initiation, and completion of LTBI treatment (isoniazid [INH], rifampin, and rifamycin-INH short-course combinations) by demographic and clinical characteristics. We used multivariable robust Poisson regression to examine factors that were independently associated with treatment prescription and completion.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Among 79 302 individuals with a positive LTBI test, 33.0% were prescribed LTBI treatment, 28.3% initiated treatment, and 18.5% completed treatment. Most individuals were prescribed INH (82.0%), but treatment completion was higher among those prescribed rifamycin-INH short-course combinations (69.6% for INH + rifapentine and 70.3% for INH + rifampin) compared with those prescribed INH (56.3%) or rifampin (56.6%). In adjusted analyses, treatment prescription and completion were associated with older age, female sex, more comorbidities, immunosuppression, not being born in a high\u2013TB incidence country, and testing positive with IGRA vs TST.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>LTBI treatment is underutilized, requiring tailored interventions to support treatment prescription and completion for patients with LTBI.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofad219","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,21]],"date-time":"2023-04-21T15:35:39Z","timestamp":1682091339000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Latent Tuberculosis Infection Treatment Practices in Two Large Integrated Health Systems in California, 2009\u20132018"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8277-2431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katia J","family":"Bruxvoort","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama , USA"},{"name":"Division of Epidemiologic Research, Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacek","family":"Skarbinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California , Oakland, California , USA"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Oakland Medical Center, Kaiser Permanente Northern California , Oakland, California , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heidi","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiologic Research, Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuoxin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiologic Research, Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abigail","family":"Eaton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California , Oakland, California , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiologic Research, Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brigitte","family":"Spence","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiologic Research, Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiologic Research, Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gunter","family":"Rieg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, South Bay Medical Center, Kaiser Permanente Southern California , Harbor City, California , USA"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Science, Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine , Pasadena, California , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sally","family":"Shaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiologic Research, Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara Y","family":"Tartof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiologic Research, Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California , USA"},{"name":"Department of Health Systems Science, Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine , Pasadena, California , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023053110305907700_ofad219-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0140881","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0140881","article-title":"Tuberculosis infection in the United States: prevalence estimates from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2011\u20132012","volume":"10","author":"Miramontes","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2023053110305907700_ofad219-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2019.07.008","article-title":"Treatment of latent tuberculosis infection\u2014an update","volume":"40","author":"Huaman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Chest 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