{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T20:11:45Z","timestamp":1791922305904,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,21]],"date-time":"2023-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007037","name":"the Ministry of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007037","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003478","name":"Labour and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21AA2007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21AA2007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003478","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003766","name":"Ministry of Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003766","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001733","name":"Culture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001733","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010245","name":"Sports","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010245","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011489","name":"Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011489","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008393","name":"Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20H03907"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20H03907"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008393","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Influenza-related bacterial pneumonia is a leading complication of influenza infection. However, the differences in the incidence rates and risk factors associated with concomitant viral\/bacterial pneumonia (CP) and secondary bacterial pneumonia following influenza (SP) remain unclear. This study aimed to clarify the incidence rates of CP and SP following seasonal influenza and identify factors associated with their development.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This retrospective cohort study was conducted using the JMDC Claims Database, a health insurance claims database in Japan. All patients aged &amp;lt;75 years who developed influenza during 2 consecutive epidemic seasons, 2017\/2018 and 2018\/2019, were analyzed. CP was defined as bacterial pneumonia diagnosed between 3 days before and 6 days after the date of influenza diagnosis, and SP was defined as pneumonia diagnosed 7\u201330 days after the date of diagnosis. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with the development of CP and SP.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Among the 10 473 014 individuals registered in the database, 1 341 355 patients with influenza were analyzed. The average age at diagnosis (SD) was 26.6 (18.6) years. There were 2901 (0.22%) and 1262 (0.09%) patients who developed CP and SP, respectively. Age 65\u201374 years, asthma, chronic bronchitis\/emphysema, cardiovascular disease, renal disease, malignant tumor, and immunosuppression were significant risk factors for both CP and SP, whereas cerebrovascular disease, neurological disease, liver disease, and diabetes were risk factors specific to CP development.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The results determined the incidence rates of CP and SP and identified their risk factors, such as older age and comorbidities.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofad222","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,21]],"date-time":"2023-04-21T16:44:59Z","timestamp":1682095499000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Factors Associated With the Development of Bacterial Pneumonia Related to Seasonal Influenza Virus Infection: A Study Using a Large-scale Health Insurance Claim Database"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5225-7911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masahiro","family":"Shirata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isao","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taisuke","family":"Jo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Services Research, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan"},{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomohide","family":"Iwao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Advancement of Clinical and Translational Science, Kyoto University Hospital , Kyoto , Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Issei","family":"Oi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobuyoshi","family":"Hamao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kensuke","family":"Nishioka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , Kyoto , 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