{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T12:04:21Z","timestamp":1774008261018,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,2]],"date-time":"2023-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682985600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"WHO Vietnam Country Office"},{"name":"UCLouvain Scholarship"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This retrospective hospital-based surveillance aimed to assess the epidemiology, causative pathogens trend, and serotypes distribution of pneumococcal meningitis among children aged under 5 years with bacterial meningitis in Southern Vietnam after the introduction of pentavalent vaccine in the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>From 2012 to 2021, cerebrospinal fluid samples were collected from children aged under 5 years with suspected bacterial meningitis at Children's Hospitals 1 and 2 in Ho Chi Minh City. Probable bacterial meningitis (PBM) cases were identified using biochemistry and cytology. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to confirm cases of confirmed bacterial meningitis (CBM) caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, or Neisseria meningitidis. Streptococcus pneumoniae serotyping was performed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Of the 2560 PBM cases, 158 (6.2%) were laboratory-confirmed. The CBM proportion decreased during the 10-year study and was associated with age, seasonality, and permanent residence. Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most common pathogen causing bacterial meningitis (86.1%), followed by H influenzae (7.6%) and N meningitidis (6.3%). The case-fatality rate was 8.2% (95% confidence interval, 4.2%\u201312.2%). Pneumococcal serotypes 6A\/B, 19F, 14, and 23F were the most prevalent, and the proportion of pneumococcal meningitis cases caused by the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) serotypes decreased from 96.2% to 57.1% during the PCV eras.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most frequent causative agent of bacterial meningitis in children aged under 5 years in Southern Vietnam over the last decade. Policymakers may need to consider introducing PCVs into the EPI to effectively prevent and control bacterial meningitis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofad229","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,2]],"date-time":"2023-05-02T09:25:32Z","timestamp":1683019532000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Childhood Bacterial Meningitis Surveillance in Southern Vietnam: Trends and Vaccination Implications From 2012 to 2021"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3410-8258","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hieu Cong","family":"Truong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pasteur Institute in Ho Chi Minh City , Ho Chi Minh City , Vietnam"},{"name":"Institute of Health and Society, Universit\u00e9 Catholique de Louvain , Brussels , Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thanh","family":"Van Phan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pasteur Institute in Ho Chi Minh City , Ho Chi Minh City , Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hung Thanh","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Hospital 1 , Ho Chi Minh City , Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khanh Huu","family":"Truong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Hospital 1 , Ho Chi Minh City , Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Viet Chau","family":"Do","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Hospital 2 , Ho Chi Minh City , Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nguyet Nguyen My","family":"Pham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Hospital 2 , Ho Chi Minh City , Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thang 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