{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T01:21:04Z","timestamp":1767835264380,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,24]],"date-time":"2023-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690156800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Studies on COVID-19 in people with HIV (PWH) have had limitations. Further investigations on risk factors and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection among PWH are needed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This retrospective cohort study leveraged the national OPTUM COVID-19 data set to investigate factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 positivity among PWH and risk factors for severe outcomes, including hospitalization, intensive care unit stays, and death. A subset analysis was conducted to examine HIV-specific variables. Multiple variable logistic regression was used to adjust for covariates.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Of 43 173 PWH included in this study, 6472 had a positive SARS-CoV-2 result based on a polymerase chain reaction test or antigen test. For PWH with SARS-CoV-2 positivity, higher odds were found for those who were younger (18\u201349 years), Hispanic White, African American, from the US South, uninsured, and a noncurrent smoker and had a higher body mass index and higher Charlson Comorbidity Index. For PWH with severe outcomes, higher odds were identified for those who were SARS-CoV-2 positive, older, from the US South, receiving Medicaid\/Medicare or uninsured, a current smoker, and underweight and had a higher Charlson Comorbidity Index. In a subset analysis including PWH with HIV care variables (n = 5098), those with unsuppressed HIV viral load, a low CD4 count, and no antiretroviral therapy had higher odds of severe outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This large US study found significant ethnic, racial, and geographic differences in SARS-CoV-2 infection among PWH. Chronic comorbidities, older age, lower body mass index, and smoking were associated with severe outcomes among PWH during the COVID-19 pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with severe outcomes, but once we adjusted for HIV care variables, SARS-CoV-2 was no longer significant; however, low CD4 count, high viral load, and lack of antiretroviral therapy had higher odds of severe outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofad400","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,24]],"date-time":"2023-07-24T23:02:32Z","timestamp":1690239752000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Risk Factors for SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Severe Outcomes Among People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0909-9396","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John J","family":"Hanna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas , 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P","family":"Radunsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lauren N","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Informatics Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sameh N","family":"Saleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Informatics Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roger J","family":"Bedimo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zachary M","family":"Most","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Trish M","family":"Perl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christoph U","family":"Lehmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Informatics Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas , USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas , USA"},{"name":"Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas , USA"},{"name":"Peter O'Donnell Jr. 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