{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T12:52:14Z","timestamp":1793796734780,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Gay and bisexual men using HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) are at increased risk for sexually transmissible infections. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) risk among PrEP users is less clear. We explored HCV prevalence and incidence among cohorts of gay and bisexual men using PrEP and sources of heterogeneity across studies.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This was a systematic review and meta-analysis of open-label PrEP studies to April 2022 reporting HCV prevalence at baseline or incidence during follow-up among gay and bisexual men using PrEP. Pooled prevalence and incidence estimates were calculated using random-effects meta-analysis, and subgroup analyses were performed by study- and country-level characteristics, including availability of HCV direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy at time of study.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Twenty-four studies from 9 countries were included, with a total sample of 24 733 gay and bisexual men. Pooled HCV antibody baseline prevalence was 0.97% (95% CI, 0.63%\u20131.31%), and pooled HCV RNA baseline prevalence was 0.38% (95% CI, 0.19%\u20130.56%). Among 19 studies reporting HCV incidence, incidence ranged from 0.0 to 2.93\/100 person-years (py); the pooled estimate was 0.83\/100py (95% CI, 0.55\u20131.11). HCV incidence was higher in 12 studies that began follow-up before broad DAA availability (1.27\/100py) than in 8 studies that began follow-up after broad DAA availability (0.34\/100py) and higher in studies in Europe compared with North America and Australia.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Early reports of high HCV incidence among PrEP-using cohorts likely reflect enrollment of individuals based on specific risk-based eligibility criteria for smaller studies and enrollment before DAA scale-up. In contexts where both DAAs and PrEP have been implemented at scale, studies report lower HCV incidence. PrEP-specific HCV testing guidelines should be guided by local epidemiology.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofad401","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T13:20:10Z","timestamp":1690896010000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Incidence and Prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus Among HIV-Negative Gay and Bisexual Men Using HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP): A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8755-2577","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael W","family":"Traeger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Burnet Institute , Melbourne , Australia"},{"name":"School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University , Melbourne , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brendan L","family":"Harney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Burnet Institute , Melbourne , Australia"},{"name":"School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University , Melbourne , Australia"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, The Alfred and Monash University , Melbourne , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Sacks-Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Burnet Institute , Melbourne , Australia"},{"name":"School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University , Melbourne , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela K","family":"van Santen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Burnet Institute , Melbourne , Australia"},{"name":"School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University , Melbourne , Australia"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Research and Prevention, Public Health Service of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , the Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent J","family":"Cornelisse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, The Alfred and Monash University , Melbourne , Australia"},{"name":"Kirketon Road Centre , Sydney , Australia"},{"name":"The Kirby Institute , UNSW Sydney, Sydney , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edwina J","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Burnet Institute , Melbourne , Australia"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, The Alfred and Monash University , Melbourne , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret E","family":"Hellard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Burnet Institute , Melbourne , Australia"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, The Alfred and Monash University , Melbourne , Australia"},{"name":"Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph S","family":"Doyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Burnet Institute , Melbourne , Australia"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, The Alfred and Monash University , Melbourne , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark A","family":"Stoov\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Burnet Institute , Melbourne , Australia"},{"name":"School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University , Melbourne , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023081609351192500_ofad401-B1","volume-title":"Consolidated Guidelines on HIV, Viral Hepatitis and STI Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment and Care for Key Populations","author":"World Health 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