{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T18:20:32Z","timestamp":1790014832740,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01CK000480"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01CK000480"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Institute for Clinical and Translational Science"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008893","name":"University of Iowa","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008893","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1TR002537"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR002537"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Protection against symptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19]) can limit transmission and the risk of post-COVID conditions, and is particularly important among healthcare personnel. However, lower vaccine effectiveness (VE) has been reported since predominance of the Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We evaluated the VE of a monovalent messenger RNA (mRNA) booster dose against COVID-19 from October 2021 to June 2022 among US healthcare personnel. After matching case-participants with COVID-19 to control-participants by 2-week period and site, we used conditional logistic regression to estimate the VE of a booster dose compared with completing only 2 mRNA doses &amp;gt;150 days previously, adjusted for multiple covariates.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Among 3279 case-participants and 3998 control-participants who had completed 2 mRNA doses, we estimated that the VE of a booster dose against COVID-19 declined from 86% (95% confidence interval, 81%\u201390%) during Delta predominance to 65% (58%\u201370%) during Omicron predominance. During Omicron predominance, VE declined from 73% (95% confidence interval, 67%\u201379%) 14\u201360 days after the booster dose, to 32% (4%\u201352%) \u2265120 days after a booster dose. We found that VE was similar by age group, presence of underlying health conditions, and pregnancy status on the test date, as well as among immunocompromised participants.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A booster dose conferred substantial protection against COVID-19 among healthcare personnel. However, VE was lower during Omicron predominance, and waning effectiveness was observed 4 months after booster dose receipt during this period. Our findings support recommendations to stay up to date on recommended doses of COVID-19 vaccines for all those eligible.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofad457","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]],"date-time":"2023-09-08T09:30:10Z","timestamp":1694165410000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Effectiveness of a Messenger RNA Vaccine Booster Dose Against Coronavirus Disease 2019 Among US Healthcare Personnel, October 2021\u2013July 2022"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4747-381X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ian D","family":"Plumb","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Immunizations and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas M","family":"Mohr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Hagen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Immunizations and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan","family":"Wiegand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Immunizations and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3634-2841","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ghinwa","family":"Dumyati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York State Emerging Infections Program, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester, New York , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9482-8447","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karisa K","family":"Harland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anusha","family":"Krishnadasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Olive View\u2013UCLA Education and Research Institute , Los Angeles, California , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jade James","family":"Gist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Immunizations and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Glen","family":"Abedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Immunizations and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4862-0650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine E","family":"Fleming-Dutra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Immunizations and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nora","family":"Chea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Healthcare-Associated Infections, California Emerging Infections Program , Oakland, California , 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Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara A","family":"Lovett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Prevention and Control Divison, Minnesota Department of Health , St. Paul, Minnesota , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valerie","family":"Ocampo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Division, Oregon Health Authority , Portland, Oregon , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin C","family":"Phipps","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New Mexico Emerging Infections Program, University of New Mexico , Albuquerque, New Mexico , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiffanie M","family":"Marcus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Policy, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Howard A","family":"Smithline","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School - Baystate, Springfield, Massachusetts , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter C","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lilly C","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Medicine, Jackson Memorial Hospital , Miami, Florida , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory J","family":"Moran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA , Los Angeles, California , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Krebs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark T","family":"Steele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City , Kansas City, Missouri , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen C","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Emergency Medicine, University Medical Center New Orleans, LSU Health Sciences Center , New Orleans, Louisiana , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter A","family":"Schrading","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Chinnock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California San Francisco , Fresno, California , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David G","family":"Beiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Emergency Medicine, University of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brett","family":"Faine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John P","family":"Haran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School , Worcester, Massachusetts , 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