{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T22:29:24Z","timestamp":1792794564720,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,7]],"date-time":"2023-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701907200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Association Clinique Th\u00e9rapeutique Infantile du Val de Marne"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In autumn 2022, the epidemics due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and influenza overlapped, and these diseases can present with the same symptomatology. The use of a triple antigen test (SARS-CoV-2 + influenza A\/B + RSV) seems crucial for accurate viral diagnosis in the context of implementing long-acting monoclonal antibody vaccination against RSV in the upcoming RSV season.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We assessed the usefulness of the triple test in real life in this prospective study performed from October 2022 to May 2023 and involving 116 pediatricians (2 emergency department pediatricians and 114 ambulatory pediatricians). Children &amp;lt;15 years old with flu-like illness (with fever), bronchiolitis (dyspnea \u00b1 wheezing), otitis, and croup were enrolled and sampled with a nasal triple test.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>For 8329 children with flu-like illness (65.3%), bronchiolitis (17.9%), otitis (8.8%), and croup (6.3%), the use of the triple test led to a viral diagnosis in 47.9% of cases. The highest RSV positivity occurred in children with bronchiolitis (32.9%). The highest influenza A and B positivity (24.6% and 19.6%) occurred in children with flu-like illness. A succession of 3 epidemics (RSV and influenza A and B) occurred over time with several overlap periods.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The triple test allowed for a viral diagnosis in half of our cases. The upcoming introduction of RSV prevention will emphasize the need for active surveillance with viral results both in ambulatory settings and hospitals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Clinical Trials Registration. NCT0441231.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofad617","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,7]],"date-time":"2023-12-07T22:42:10Z","timestamp":1701988930000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Use of Rapid Antigen Triple Test Nasal Swabs (COVID-VIRO ALL-IN TRIPLEX: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, and Influenza) in Children With Respiratory Symptoms: A Real-life Prospective Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Robert","family":"Cohen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Department, Association Clinique et Th\u00e9rapeutique Infantile du Val-de-Marne , Cr\u00e9teil , France"},{"name":"Clinical Research Center, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Cr\u00e9teil , Cr\u00e9teil , France"},{"name":"Institut Mondor de Recherche Biom\u00e9dicale-Groupe de Recherche Clinique, Groupe d'Etude des Maladie Infectieuses N\u00e9onatales et Infantiles, Universit\u00e9 Paris Est , Cr\u00e9teil , France"},{"name":"Pediatric Department, Association Fran\u00e7aise de P\u00e9diatrie Ambulatoire , Orl\u00e9ans , France"},{"name":"Pediatric Department, Groupe de Pathologie Infectieuse P\u00e9diatrique , Cr\u00e9teil , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herv\u00e9","family":"Haas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Department, Groupe de Pathologie Infectieuse P\u00e9diatrique , Cr\u00e9teil , France"},{"name":"Service de p\u00e9diatrie, H\u00f4pital Princesse Grace , Monaco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Romain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Department, Groupe de Pathologie Infectieuse P\u00e9diatrique , Cr\u00e9teil , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"St\u00e9phane","family":"B\u00e9chet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Department, Association Clinique et Th\u00e9rapeutique Infantile du Val-de-Marne , Cr\u00e9teil , France"},{"name":"Pediatric Department, Association Fran\u00e7aise de P\u00e9diatrie Ambulatoire , Orl\u00e9ans , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Romain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Department, Groupe de Pathologie Infectieuse P\u00e9diatrique , Cr\u00e9teil , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camille de Truchis","family":"de Lays","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Department, Groupe de Pathologie Infectieuse P\u00e9diatrique , Cr\u00e9teil , France"},{"name":"Service de p\u00e9diatrie, H\u00f4pital Avicenne, Assistance Publique\u2013H\u00f4pitaux de Paris , Bondy , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alain","family":"Wollner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Department, Association Clinique et Th\u00e9rapeutique Infantile du Val-de-Marne , Cr\u00e9teil , France"},{"name":"Pediatric Department, Association Fran\u00e7aise de P\u00e9diatrie Ambulatoire , Orl\u00e9ans , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9cile","family":"Guiheneuf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Department, Association Fran\u00e7aise de P\u00e9diatrie Ambulatoire , Orl\u00e9ans , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Loic","family":"de Pontual","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Department, Groupe de Pathologie Infectieuse P\u00e9diatrique , Cr\u00e9teil , France"},{"name":"Service de p\u00e9diatrie, H\u00f4pital Avicenne, Assistance Publique\u2013H\u00f4pitaux de Paris , Bondy , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1927-6360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Corinne","family":"Levy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Department, Association Clinique et Th\u00e9rapeutique Infantile du Val-de-Marne , Cr\u00e9teil , France"},{"name":"Clinical Research Center, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Cr\u00e9teil , Cr\u00e9teil , France"},{"name":"Institut Mondor de Recherche Biom\u00e9dicale-Groupe de Recherche Clinique, Groupe d'Etude des Maladie Infectieuses N\u00e9onatales et Infantiles, Universit\u00e9 Paris Est , Cr\u00e9teil , France"},{"name":"Pediatric Department, Association Fran\u00e7aise de P\u00e9diatrie Ambulatoire , Orl\u00e9ans , France"},{"name":"Pediatric Department, Groupe de Pathologie Infectieuse P\u00e9diatrique , Cr\u00e9teil , 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