{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T00:34:59Z","timestamp":1781224499863,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,18]],"date-time":"2023-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702857600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APP1092547"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1092547"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APP1137587"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1137587"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2008276"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2008276"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["226619\/Z\/22\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["226619\/Z\/22\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Health Protection Research Unit in Behavioural Science and Evaluation"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000883","name":"University of Bristol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000883","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The Surveillance and Treatment of Prisoners With Hepatitis C (SToP-C) study demonstrated that scaling up of direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatment reduced hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission. We evaluated the cost-effectiveness of scaling up HCV treatment in statewide prison services incorporating long-term outcomes across custodial and community settings.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A dynamic model of incarceration and HCV transmission among people who inject drugs (PWID) in New South Wales, Australia, was extended to include former PWID and those with long-term HCV progression. Using Australian costing data, we estimated the cost-effectiveness of scaling up HCV treatment in prisons by 44% (as achieved by the SToP-C study) for 10 years (2021\u20132030) before reducing to baseline levels, compared to a status quo scenario. The mean incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was estimated by comparing the differences in costs and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) between the scale-up and status quo scenarios over 40 years (2021\u20132060) discounted at 5% per annum. Univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Scaling up HCV treatment in the statewide prison service is projected to be cost-effective with a mean ICER of A$12 968\/QALY gained. The base-case scenario gains 275 QALYs over 40 years at a net incremental cost of A$3.6 million. Excluding DAA pharmaceutical costs, the mean ICER is reduced to A$6 054\/QALY. At the willingness-to-pay threshold of A$50 000\/QALY, 100% of simulations are cost-effective at various discount rates, time horizons, and changes of treatment levels in prison and community.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Scaling up HCV testing and treatment in prisons is highly cost-effective and should be considered a priority in the national elimination strategy.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Clinical Trials Registration<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>NCT02064049.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofad637","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,18]],"date-time":"2023-12-18T21:35:31Z","timestamp":1702935331000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Scale-up of Direct-Acting Antiviral Treatment in Prisons Is Both Cost-effective and Key to Hepatitis C Virus Elimination"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0049-2888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sophy T F","family":"Shih","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales , Sydney, New South Wales , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jack","family":"Stone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol , Bristol , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natasha K","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego , San Diego, California , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Behzad","family":"Hajarizadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales , Sydney, New South Wales , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8048-3473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evan B","family":"Cunningham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales , Sydney, New South Wales , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jisoo A","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales , Sydney, New South Wales , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colette","family":"McGrath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Justice Health and Forensic Mental Health Network, New South Wales Health , Sydney, New South Wales , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luke","family":"Grant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Corrective Services New South Wales , Sydney, New South Wales , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1833-2017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jason","family":"Grebely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales , Sydney, New South Wales , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory J","family":"Dore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales , Sydney, New South Wales , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6277-8887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew R","family":"Lloyd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales , Sydney, New South Wales , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Vickerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol , Bristol , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgina M","family":"Chambers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Perinatal Epidemiology and Statistics Unit, Centre for Big Data Research in Health, University of New South Wales , Sydney, New South Wales , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024021622370859300_ofad637-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(21)00472-6","article-title":"Global change in hepatitis C virus prevalence and cascade of care between 2015 and 2020: a modelling 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