{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T17:56:05Z","timestamp":1793382965685,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,18]],"date-time":"2023-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702857600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) remains a significant threat in immunocompromised cases. Recent data on epidemiology and risk factors for PJP in non-HIV cases are scarce, and guidelines on appropriate prophylaxis are lacking.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this multicenter retrospective trial, all non-HIV adult cases admitted to hospitals in Qu\u00e9bec City, Canada, between January 2011 and January 2021 with a diagnosis of PJP were assessed for eligibility.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An overall 129 cases of PJP were included. More than two-thirds had an underlying hematologic disease or an autoimmune\/inflammatory condition. Prior to diagnosis, 83.7% were taking corticosteroids, 71.3% immunosuppressive agents (alone or in combination with corticosteroids), and 62% both. A diagnosis of PJP was noted in 22 patients receiving corticosteroids for treatment &amp;lt;28 days. Two patients developed PJP while undergoing corticosteroid monotherapy at a mean daily prednisone-equivalent dose &amp;lt;20\u2005mg\/d; 4.7% of our cohort received a PJP prophylaxis. Current recommendations or accepted clinical practices for PJP prophylaxis would not have applied to 48.8% of our patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The use of corticosteroids\u2014in monotherapy or in coadministration with other immunosuppressive agents\u2014remains the principal risk factor for PJP in the non-HIV population. Current prophylaxis guidelines and accepted practices are insufficient to adequately prevent PJP and need to be broadened and updated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofad639","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,13]],"date-time":"2023-12-13T18:53:38Z","timestamp":1702493618000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Prophylaxis Use for\n                    <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii<\/i>\n                    Pneumonia in the Non-HIV Population: A Retrospective Study in Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9177-7947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas","family":"Quigley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Qu\u00e9bec (Qu\u00e9bec Heart and Lung Institute), Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec City, Qu\u00e9bec"},{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurence","family":"d\u2019Amours","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Qu\u00e9bec (Qu\u00e9bec Heart and Lung Institute), Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec City, Qu\u00e9bec"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Gervais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Qu\u00e9bec (Qu\u00e9bec Heart and Lung Institute), Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec City, Qu\u00e9bec , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Genevi\u00e8ve","family":"Dion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Qu\u00e9bec (Qu\u00e9bec Heart and Lung Institute), Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec City, Qu\u00e9bec"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024020218174385200_ofad639-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.10.010","article-title":"Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia","volume":"24","author":"Catherinot","year":"2010","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"2024020218174385200_ofad639-B2"},{"key":"2024020218174385200_ofad639-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.4065\/71.1.5","article-title":"Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients without acquired immunodeficiency 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