{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T01:31:41Z","timestamp":1791595901631,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]],"date-time":"2024-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704931200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UM1 AI068634"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM1 AI068634"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UM1 AI068636"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM1 AI068636"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UM1 AI106701"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM1 AI106701"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UM1 AI69452"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM1 AI69452"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UM1 AI069412"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM1 AI069412"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UM1 AI069432"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM1 AI069432"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UM1 AI069465"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM1 AI069465"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UM1 AI069423"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM1 AI069423"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Center for AIDS Research","award":["P30 AI50410"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 AI50410"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1TR001111"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR001111"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>T cells in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) demonstrate an exhausted phenotype, and HIV-specific CD4+ T cells expressing programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) are enriched for latent HIV, making antibody to PD-1 a potential strategy to target the latent reservoir.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This was a phase 1\/2, randomized (4:1), double-blind, placebo-controlled study in adults with suppressed HIV on antiretroviral therapy with CD4+ counts \u2265350 cells\/\u03bcL who received 2 infusions of cemiplimab versus placebo. The primary outcome was safety, defined as any grade 3 or higher adverse event (AE) or any immune-related AE (irAE). Changes in HIV-1\u2013specific polyfunctional CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses were evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Five men were enrolled (median CD4+ count, 911\u2005cells\/\u03bcL; median age, 51 years); 2 received 1 dose of cemiplimab, 2 received 2 doses, and 1 received placebo. One participant had a probable irAE (thyroiditis, grade 2); another had a possible irAE (hepatitis, grade 3), both after a single low-dose (0.3 mg\/kg) infusion. The Safety Monitoring Committee recommended no further enrollment or infusions. All 4 cemiplimab recipients were followed for 48 weeks. No other cemiplimab-related serious AEs, irAEs, or grade 3 or higher AEs occurred. One 2-dose recipient of cemiplimab had a 6.2-fold increase in polyfunctional, Gag-specific CD8+ T-cell frequency with supportive increases in plasma HIV RNA and decreases in total HIV DNA.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>One of 4 participants exhibited increased HIV-1-specific T-cell responses and transiently increased HIV-1 expression following 2 cemiplimab infusions. The occurrence of irAEs after a single, low dose may limit translating the promising therapeutic results of cemiplimab for cancer to immunotherapeutic and latency reversal strategies for HIV.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Clinical Trials Registration. NCT03787095.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofad694","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]],"date-time":"2024-01-11T14:59:59Z","timestamp":1704985199000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Safety and Immune Responses Following Anti-PD-1 Monoclonal Antibody Infusions in Healthy Persons With Human Immunodeficiency Virus on Antiretroviral Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3620-3059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cynthia L","family":"Gay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1774-4140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ronald J","family":"Bosch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Center for Biostatistics and AIDS Research, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston , Massachusetts , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley","family":"McKhann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Center for Biostatistics and AIDS Research, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston , Massachusetts , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6302-3881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raymond","family":"Cha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Integrated Global Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo , Buffalo, New York , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6758-0941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gene D","family":"Morse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Integrated Global Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo , Buffalo, New York , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chanelle L","family":"Wimbish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Research, Social and Scientific Systems, Inc, a DLH Company , Silver Spring, Maryland , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle M","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles, California , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2500-2312","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kendall F","family":"Moseley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Hendrickx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego , San Diego, California , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3161-1549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Messer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3781-1347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Constance A","family":"Benson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego , San Diego, California , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4013-536X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edgar T","family":"Overton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama , USA"},{"name":"North America Medical Affairs, ViiV Healthcare , Durham, North Carolina , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0892-9079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne","family":"Paccaly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Clinical Sciences, Translational Medicine and Precision Medicine, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc , Tarrytown, New York , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4135-8629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vladimir","family":"Jankovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Clinical Sciences, Translational Medicine and Precision Medicine, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc , Tarrytown, New York , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Clinical Sciences, Translational Medicine and Precision Medicine, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc , Tarrytown, New York , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Randall","family":"Tressler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV Research Branch, Division of AIDS, National Institute of AIDS, National Institutes of Health , Rockville, Maryland , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan Z","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6196-5883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel R","family":"Kuritzkes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0405-0991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernard J C","family":"Macatangay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4938-0644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph J","family":"Eron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8948-9524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"W David","family":"Hardy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"for the A5370 Team","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Tipton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Pedersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernadette","family":"Jarocki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynette","family":"Purdue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyle","family":"Whitson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Zabih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheryl","family":"Jennings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela","family":"Lankford-Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Uldrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024032722054896500_ofad694-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1126\/science.342.6165.1432","article-title":"Breakthrough of the year 2013. Cancer immunotherapy","volume":"342","author":"Couzin-Frankel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2024032722054896500_ofad694-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3862","article-title":"Molecular and cellular insights into T cell exhaustion","volume":"15","author":"Wherry","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2024032722054896500_ofad694-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8623","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0809818106","article-title":"High antigen levels are the cause of T cell exhaustion during chronic viral infection","volume":"106","author":"Mueller","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2024032722054896500_ofad694-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1482","article-title":"Upregulation of PD-1 expression on HIV-specific CD8+ T cells leads to reversible immune dysfunction","volume":"12","author":"Trautmann","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2024032722054896500_ofad694-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2035","article-title":"T cell exhaustion","volume":"12","author":"Wherry","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"2024032722054896500_ofad694-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4911","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.8.4911-4927.2003","article-title":"Viral persistence alters CD8 T-cell immunodominance and tissue distribution and results in distinct stages of functional impairment","volume":"77","author":"Wherry","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"2024032722054896500_ofad694-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2010.03255.x","article-title":"T-cell exhaustion: characteristics, causes and conversion","volume":"129","author":"Yi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"2024032722054896500_ofad694-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05115","article-title":"PD-1 expression on HIV-specific T cells is associated with T-cell exhaustion and disease progression","volume":"443","author":"Day","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2024032722054896500_ofad694-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1515","article-title":"Upregulation of CTLA-4 by HIV-specific CD4+ T cells correlates with disease progression and defines a reversible immune dysfunction","volume":"8","author":"Kaufmann","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"2024032722054896500_ofad694-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2008.05.009","article-title":"PDL-1 upregulation on monocytes and T cells by HIV via type I interferon: restricted expression of type I interferon receptor by CCR5-expressing leukocytes","volume":"129","author":"Boasso","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2024032722054896500_ofad694-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1979","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.3.1979","article-title":"Programmed death 1 expression on HIV-specific CD4+ T cells is driven by viral replication and associated with T cell dysfunction","volume":"179","author":"D'Souza","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2024032722054896500_ofad694-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e3181e0c7d0","article-title":"Immune exhaustion occurs concomitantly with immune activation and decrease in regulatory T cells in viremic chronically HIV-1-infected patients","volume":"54","author":"Sachdeva","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"2024032722054896500_ofad694-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000000314","article-title":"Programmed death-1 expression on CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in treated and untreated HIV disease","volume":"28","author":"Cockerham","year":"2014","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2024032722054896500_ofad694-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000002406","article-title":"T cells with high PD-1 expression are associated with lower HIV-specific immune responses despite long-term antiretroviral therapy","volume":"34","author":"Macatangay","year":"2020","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2024032722054896500_ofad694-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12823","article-title":"T-cell exhaustion in HIV infection","volume":"292","author":"Fenwick","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"2024032722054896500_ofad694-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3281de7296","article-title":"Expression of PD-L1, a marker of disease status, is not reduced by HAART in aviraemic patients","volume":"21","author":"Rosignoli","year":"2007","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2024032722054896500_ofad694-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix039","article-title":"Human immunodeficiency virus persistence and T-cell activation in blood, rectal, and lymph node tissue in human immunodeficiency virus\u2013infected individuals receiving suppressive antiretroviral therapy","volume":"215","author":"Khoury","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024032722054896500_ofad694-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1005761","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005761","article-title":"CD4+ T cells expressing PD-1, TIGIT and LAG-3 contribute to HIV persistence during ART","volume":"12","author":"Fromentin","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"2024032722054896500_ofad694-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1631","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000002919","article-title":"The impact of immune checkpoint therapy on the latent reservoir in HIV-infected individuals with cancer on antiretroviral therapy","volume":"35","author":"Lau","year":"2021","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2024032722054896500_ofad694-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1973","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1530","article-title":"Impact of anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 on the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reservoir in people living with HIV with cancer on antiretroviral therapy: the AIDS Malignancy Consortium 095 study","volume":"73","author":"Rasmussen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024032722054896500_ofad694-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabl3836","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abl3836","article-title":"Pembrolizumab induces HIV latency reversal in people living with HIV and cancer on antiretroviral therapy","volume":"14","author":"Uldrick","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"2024032722054896500_ofad694-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.01.014","article-title":"Stimulation of HIV-1-specific cytolytic T lymphocytes facilitates elimination of latent viral reservoir after virus reactivation","volume":"36","author":"Shan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2024032722054896500_ofad694-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07662","article-title":"Enhancing SIV-specific immunity in vivo by PD-1 blockade","volume":"458","author":"Velu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2024032722054896500_ofad694-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix191","article-title":"Clinical trial of the anti-PD-L1 antibody BMS-936559 in HIV-1 infected participants on suppressive antiretroviral therapy","volume":"215","author":"Gay","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024032722054896500_ofad694-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e234","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000002716","article-title":"Suspected immune-related adverse events with an anti-PD-1 inhibitor in otherwise healthy people with HIV","volume":"87","author":"Gay","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"2024032722054896500_ofad694-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1208\/s12248-021-00643-4","article-title":"Bioanalytical challenges due to prior checkpoint inhibitor exposure: interference and mitigation in drug concentration and immunogenicity assays","volume":"23","author":"Dengler","year":"2021","journal-title":"AAPS J"},{"key":"2024032722054896500_ofad694-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2008.108","article-title":"A universal real-time PCR assay for the quantification of group-M HIV-1 proviral load","volume":"3","author":"Malnati","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"2024032722054896500_ofad694-B28","first-page":"343","article-title":"The size of the expressed HIV reservoir predicts timing of viral rebound after treatment interruption","volume":"30","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2024032722054896500_ofad694-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-4-427","article-title":"Selection of reliable reference genes for quantitative real-time PCR in human T cells and neutrophils","volume":"4","author":"Ledderose","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"2024032722054896500_ofad694-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-0898-8","article-title":"A quantitative approach for measuring the reservoir of latent HIV-1 proviruses","volume":"566","author":"Bruner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2024032722054896500_ofad694-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3944","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02060-14","article-title":"Improved single-copy assays for quantification of persistent HIV-1 viremia in patients on suppressive antiretroviral therapy","volume":"52","author":"Cillo","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2024032722054896500_ofad694-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4531","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.10.4531-4536.2003","article-title":"New real-time reverse transcriptase-initiated PCR assay with single-copy sensitivity for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA in plasma","volume":"41","author":"Palmer","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2024032722054896500_ofad694-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-20-1680","article-title":"The next decade of immune checkpoint therapy","volume":"11","author":"Sharma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"key":"2024032722054896500_ofad694-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0160221","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0160221","article-title":"Adverse events associated with immune checkpoint blockade in patients with cancer: a systematic review of case reports","volume":"11","author":"Abdel-Wahab","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2024032722054896500_ofad694-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2019.2244","article-title":"Assessment of the safety of pembrolizumab in patients with HIV and advanced cancer\u2014a phase 1 study","volume":"5","author":"Uldrick","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"key":"2024032722054896500_ofad694-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3712","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.22.02459","article-title":"Safety and activity of immune checkpoint inhibitors in people living with HIV and cancer: a real-world report from the cancer therapy using checkpoint inhibitors in people living with HIV\u2013international (CATCH-IT) consortium","volume":"41","author":"El Zarif","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2024032722054896500_ofad694-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2018.0116","article-title":"Immune-related thyroiditis with immune checkpoint inhibitors","volume":"28","author":"Iyer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"2024032722054896500_ofad694-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1007\/s11904-020-00525-y","article-title":"Anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies in people living with HIV and cancer","volume":"17","author":"Lurain","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr HIV\/AIDS Rep"},{"key":"2024032722054896500_ofad694-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586907","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.586907","article-title":"Systemic CD4 immunity as a key contributor to PD-L1\/PD-1 blockade immunotherapy efficacy","volume":"11","author":"Zuazo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2024032722054896500_ofad694-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.03.014","article-title":"Regulation and function of the PD-L1 checkpoint","volume":"48","author":"Sun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2024032722054896500_ofad694-B41","first-page":"68","article-title":"Dual IL-10 and PD-1 blockade in SIVmac239 infected macaques promotes sustained virologic control in absence of ART","volume":"24","author":"Strongin","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"key":"2024032722054896500_ofad694-B42","article-title":"NDA\/BLA multidisciplinary review and evaluation","author":"US Food and Drug Administration Drug Evaluation and Research","year":"2018"}],"container-title":["Open Forum Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofad694\/56545914\/ofad694.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article-pdf\/11\/3\/ofad694\/57090435\/ofad694.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article-pdf\/11\/3\/ofad694\/57090435\/ofad694.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,27]],"date-time":"2024-03-27T22:06:17Z","timestamp":1711577177000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofad694\/7516054"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofad694","relation":{},"ISSN":["2328-8957"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2328-8957","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]]},"article-number":"ofad694"}}