{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T11:11:56Z","timestamp":1792840316807,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,30]],"date-time":"2023-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703894400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"BioSergen","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0239rms91","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mucormycosis is a potentially lethal mycosis. We reviewed peer-reviewed publications on mucormycosis to assess therapeutic outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic literature search using the Ovid MEDLINE and EMBASE databases identified manuscripts describing human mucormycosis diagnosed according to European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer and the Mycoses Study Group criteria with therapeutic outcomes published from 2000 to 2022.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In 126 articles, 10 335 patients were described, most from Asia (n = 6632, 66%). Diabetes was the most frequent underlying disease (n = 6188, 60%); 222 (2.1%) patients had no underlying diseases. The dominant clinical form was rhino-orbitocerebral (n = 7159, 69.3%), followed by pulmonary (n = 1062, 10.3%). Of 5364 patients with outcome data, amphotericin B monotherapy (n = 3749, mortality 31.5%) was most frequent, followed by amphotericin B + azole (n = 843, mortality 6.6%; P &amp;lt; .0001), amphotericin B followed by azole (n = 357, mortality 13.7%; P &amp;lt; .0001), posaconazole only (n = 250, mortality 17.2%; P &amp;lt; .0001), and isavuconazole only (n = 65, mortality 24.6%; P = .24). Duration and dose of antifungals varied widely. Documented outcomes from surgical resections in 149 patients found that 47 of 125 died (37.6%), compared with 16 of 24 (66.7%) patients who did not undergo surgery (P = .008).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mucormycosis is more frequently reported in Asia than in Europe and is often linked to diabetes. Antifungal therapy, usually with surgery, is frequently effective for mucormycosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofad704","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,29]],"date-time":"2023-12-29T11:18:12Z","timestamp":1703848692000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["A Systematic Review of the Therapeutic Outcome of Mucormycosis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5519-7619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L Shamithra M","family":"Sigera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Manchester Fungal Infection Group, Core Technology Facility, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre , Manchester , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5626-2251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David W","family":"Denning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Manchester Fungal Infection Group, Core Technology Facility, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre , Manchester , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024012909325693200_ofad704-B1","first-page":"3257","volume-title":"Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases","author":"Kontoyiannis","year":"2009","edition":"7th ed"},{"key":"2024012909325693200_ofad704-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9030523","article-title":"Epidemiology of mucormycosis in India","volume":"9","author":"Prakash","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"2024012909325693200_ofad704-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.3390\/jof8020194","article-title":"Global cutaneous mucormycosis: a systematic review","volume":"8","author":"Skiada","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Fungi"},{"key":"2024012909325693200_ofad704-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1186\/s13244-021-01109-z","article-title":"Rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis: pictorial review","volume":"12","author":"Pai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Insights Imaging"},{"key":"2024012909325693200_ofad704-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01932420","article-title":"Mycosis mucorina: ein beitrag zur kenntnis der menschilchen fadenpiltzer-krankungen","volume":"102","author":"Paltauf","year":"1885","journal-title":"Virchows Arch Pathol Anat"},{"key":"2024012909325693200_ofad704-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.3390\/jof6040265","article-title":"Epidemiology and diagnosis of mucormycosis: an update","volume":"6","author":"Skiada","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Fungi"},{"key":"2024012909325693200_ofad704-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1080\/23744235.2016.1239027","article-title":"Saksenaea erythrospora, an emerging mucoralean fungus causing severe necrotizing skin and soft tissue infections\u2014a study from a tertiary care hospital in North India","volume":"49","author":"Chander","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024012909325693200_ofad704-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2018.07.011","article-title":"The epidemiology and clinical manifestations of mucormycosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of case reports","volume":"25","author":"Jeong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"2024012909325693200_ofad704-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2021.106231","article-title":"Cerebrovascular involvement in mucormycosis in COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"31","author":"Kulkarni","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"2024012909325693200_ofad704-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1670","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_1565_21","article-title":"Epidemiology, clinical profile, management, and outcome of COVID-19-associated rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis in 2826 patients in India\u2014collaborative OPAI-IJO study on mucormycosis in COVID-19 (COSMIC), report 1","volume":"69","author":"Sen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2024012909325693200_ofad704-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.18-0103","article-title":"Isolated renal mucormycosis in immunocompetent hosts: clinical spectrum and management approach","volume":"100","author":"Devana","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2024012909325693200_ofad704-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-018-1149-x","article-title":"Characteristics of pulmonary mucormycosis and predictive risk factors for the outcome","volume":"46","author":"Feng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"2024012909325693200_ofad704-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofac603","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofac603","article-title":"Burden of serious fungal infections in India","volume":"9","author":"Ray","year":"2022","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024012909325693200_ofad704-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1086\/313803","article-title":"Zygomycosis in the 1990s in a tertiary-care cancer center","volume":"30","author":"Dimitrios","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024012909325693200_ofad704-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-200202150-00026","article-title":"Successful treatment of mucor infection after liver or pancreas-kidney transplantation","volume":"73","author":"Jim\u00e9nez","year":"2002","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"2024012909325693200_ofad704-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1007\/s12281-023-00456-2","article-title":"The impact of corticosteroids on the outcome of fungal disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Fungal Infect Rep"},{"key":"2024012909325693200_ofad704-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S93","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myx101","article-title":"Challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of mucormycosis","volume":"56","author":"Skiada","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"2024012909325693200_ofad704-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e405\u201321","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(19)30312-3","article-title":"Global guideline for the diagnosis and management of mucormycosis: an initiative of the European Confederation of Medical Mycology in Cooperation With the Mycoses Study Group Education and Research Consortium","volume":"19","author":"Cornely","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024012909325693200_ofad704-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9071518","article-title":"Microbiological and molecular diagnosis of mucormycosis: from old to new","volume":"9","author":"Lackner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"2024012909325693200_ofad704-B20","first-page":"44","article-title":"Mucormycosis: a comparative update between conventional and molecular diagnosis strategies","volume":"8","author":"Mudgal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Med Mycol"},{"key":"2024012909325693200_ofad704-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.3390\/jof5030056","article-title":"Identification of Mucorales by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry","volume":"5","author":"Schwarz","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Fungi"},{"key":"2024012909325693200_ofad704-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01886-17","article-title":"Species identification and delineation of pathogenic Mucorales by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization\u2013time of flight mass spectrometry","volume":"56","author":"Shao","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2024012909325693200_ofad704-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.3390\/jof9060659","article-title":"Modern diagnostics, and the management of Mucorales infections","volume":"9","author":"Pham","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Fungi"},{"key":"2024012909325693200_ofad704-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.3390\/jof8050457","article-title":"Recent developments in the diagnosis of mucormycosis","volume":"8","author":"Dannaoui","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Fungi"},{"key":"2024012909325693200_ofad704-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab1066","article-title":"Evaluation of serum Mucorales polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the diagnosis of mucormycoses: the MODIMUCOR prospective trial","volume":"75","author":"Millon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024012909325693200_ofad704-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100900","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cegh.2021.100900","article-title":"Mucormycosis: a deadly black fungus infection among COVID-19 patients in India","volume":"12","author":"Choudhary","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol Glob Health"},{"key":"2024012909325693200_ofad704-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0179136","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0179136","article-title":"Increasing incidence of mucormycosis in a large Spanish hospital from 2007 to 2015: epidemiology and microbiological characterization of the isolates","volume":"12","author":"Guinea","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2024012909325693200_ofad704-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2019.11.021","article-title":"A multicentre observational study on the epidemiology, risk factors, management and outcomes of mucormycosis in India","volume":"26","author":"Patel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"2024012909325693200_ofad704-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13123","article-title":"Mucormycosis in the Middle East and North Africa: analysis of the FungiScope\u00ae registry and cases from the literature","volume":"63","author":"Stemler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"2024012909325693200_ofad704-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkn005","article-title":"In vitro activities of combinations of amphotericin B, posaconazole and four other agents against Rhizopus","volume":"61","author":"Ballester","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2024012909325693200_ofad704-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2636","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00492-08","article-title":"Posaconazole enhances the activity of amphotericin B against hyphae of zygomycetes in vitro","volume":"52","author":"Perkhofer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2024012909325693200_ofad704-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e127","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2012.083063","article-title":"Combined antifungal approach for the treatment of invasive mucormycosis in patients with hematologic diseases: a report from the SEIFEM and FUNGISCOPE registries","volume":"98","author":"Pagano","year":"2013","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"2024012909325693200_ofad704-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2167","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S372546","article-title":"Salvage treatment for invasive aspergillosis and mucormycosis: challenges, recommendations and future considerations","volume":"16","author":"Egger","year":"2023","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"},{"key":"2024012909325693200_ofad704-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.04.009","article-title":"Posaconazole or isavuconazole as sole or predominant antifungal therapy for COVID-19-associated mucormycosis. A retrospective observational case series","volume":"120","author":"Soman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024012909325693200_ofad704-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3315","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkz344","article-title":"Matched-paired analysis of patients treated for invasive mucormycosis: standard treatment versus posaconazole new formulations (MoveOn)","volume":"74","author":"Salmanton-Garc\u00eda","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2024012909325693200_ofad704-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.12911","article-title":"Posaconazole salvage therapy: the POSIFI study","volume":"62","author":"Fortun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"2024012909325693200_ofad704-B37","author":"Food and Drug Administration"},{"key":"2024012909325693200_ofad704-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)00071-2","article-title":"Isavuconazole treatment for mucormycosis: a single-arm open-label trial and case-control analysis","volume":"16","author":"Marty","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024012909325693200_ofad704-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000002671","article-title":"Isavuconazole as successful salvage therapy for mucormycosis in pediatric patients","volume":"39","author":"Ashkenazi-Hoffnung","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"2024012909325693200_ofad704-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-03-316430","article-title":"How I treat mucormycosis","volume":"118","author":"Kontoyiannis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2024012909325693200_ofad704-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13334","article-title":"Mucormycosis in patients with COVID-19: a cross-sectional descriptive multicentre study from Iran","volume":"64","author":"Pakdel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"2024012909325693200_ofad704-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1086\/589857","article-title":"Combination polyene-caspofungin treatment of rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis","volume":"47","author":"Reed","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024012909325693200_ofad704-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.12.035","article-title":"Has the mortality from pulmonary mucormycosis changed over time? A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"27","author":"Muthu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"2024012909325693200_ofad704-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(94)90243-7","article-title":"Pulmonary mucormycosis: results of medical and surgical therapy","volume":"57","author":"Tedder","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"2024012909325693200_ofad704-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1007\/s12070-022-03430-5","article-title":"Study of clinicoepidemiology and surgical complications in acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis","volume":"75","author":"Chaurpagar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"}],"container-title":["Open Forum Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofad704\/54929094\/ofad704.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article-pdf\/11\/1\/ofad704\/56440882\/ofad704.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article-pdf\/11\/1\/ofad704\/56440882\/ofad704.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,29]],"date-time":"2024-01-29T04:33:30Z","timestamp":1706502810000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofad704\/7504565"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,30]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofad704","relation":{},"ISSN":["2328-8957"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2328-8957","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,30]]},"article-number":"ofad704"}}