{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T22:07:20Z","timestamp":1789596440507,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,5]],"date-time":"2024-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707091200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"AiCuris Anti-infective Cures AG"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Acyclovir-resistant mucocutaneous herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection is an uncommon problem typically seen in immunocompromised hosts. Systemic treatment options are limited. The performance of foscarnet and its toxicities in this population are poorly characterized.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This was a multicenter retrospective study of adults treated with foscarnet for HSV infection between January 2012 and December 2017. Relevant data were collected including demographics, baseline conditions, previous anti-HSV medications, concomitant medications, HSV outcomes, and adverse events. Acyclovir-resistant HSV infection was defined based on genotypic or phenotypic testing results; refractory infection was defined as infection not improving after 5 days of treatment-dosed antiviral therapy in those not tested for resistance.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Twenty-nine patients had 31 episodes of HSV (15\/18 resistant; among episodes without resistance testing, 7\/10 refractory; 3 not evaluable) treated with foscarnet. All patients were immunocompromised including 19 (66%) with hematologic malignancy and 9 (31%) with HIV. Median duration of foscarnet was 16 days (range, 6\u201385 days). Fifteen episodes (48%) healed by the end of or after foscarnet. Median time to healing among those with resolution was 38 days (range, 9\u20131088 days). At least 1 adverse event during therapy was reported in 26 (84%) treatment episodes including 23 (74%) that were considered drug related. Common adverse events were electrolyte disturbance (20 [65%]) and kidney dysfunction (13 [42%]). Foscarnet was discontinued in 10 episodes (32%) due to an adverse event, including 6 due to kidney dysfunction.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Among 31 episodes of HSV treated with foscarnet, only half resolved with treatment, and adverse events were common.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofae046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,5]],"date-time":"2024-02-05T18:37:21Z","timestamp":1707158241000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["A Multicenter Assessment of the Outcomes and Toxicities of Foscarnet for Treatment of Acyclovir-Resistant Mucocutaneous Herpes Simplex in Immunocompromised Patients"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Sarah P","family":"Hammond","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisions of Infectious Diseases and Hematology\/Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manickam","family":"Rangaraju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AiCuris Anti-infective Cures AG , Wuppertal , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Sumner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AiCuris Anti-infective Cures AG , Wuppertal , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Burkhard","family":"Timmler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AiCuris Anti-infective Cures AG , Wuppertal , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0774-1058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pranatharthi","family":"Chandrasekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Karmanos Cancer Institute, Division of Infectious Diseases, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, Michigan , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin K","family":"Avery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024032722045071400_ofae046-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198107093050202","article-title":"Acyclovir prophylaxis of herpes-simplex-virus infections","volume":"305","author":"Saral","year":"1981","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2024032722045071400_ofae046-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198202113060606","article-title":"Resistance to antiviral drugs of herpes simplex virus isolated from a patient treated with acyclovir","volume":"306","author":"Crumpacker","year":"1982","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2024032722045071400_ofae046-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1111\/tri.13142","article-title":"Delay of alternative antiviral therapy and poor outcomes of acyclovir-resistant herpes simplex virus infections in recipients of allogeneic stem cell transplant\u2014a retrospective study","volume":"31","author":"Ariza-Heredia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transpl Int"},{"key":"2024032722045071400_ofae046-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix042","article-title":"Association of the emergence of acyclovir-resistant herpes simplex virus type 1 with prognosis in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients","volume":"215","author":"Kakiuchi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Infect 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pritelivir for HSV-2 infection","volume":"370","author":"Wald","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2024032722045071400_ofae046-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13614","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.2c00668","article-title":"Discovery, chemistry, and preclinical development of pritelivir, a novel treatment option for acyclovir-resistant herpes simplex virus infections","volume":"65","author":"Birkmann","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"key":"2024032722045071400_ofae046-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S622","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofab466.1254","article-title":"Pritelivir in immunocompromised patients with mucocutaneous acyclovir-resistant herpes simplex virus-infections\u2014first case series","volume":"8","author":"Workowski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024032722045071400_ofae046-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1177\/09564624211006568","article-title":"Use of 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