{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T01:27:48Z","timestamp":1793755668464,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,15]],"date-time":"2024-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) is an underrecognized but common complication of pulmonary tuberculosis. In Nigeria, a tuberculosis-endemic country, there is currently no provision to monitor the development of CPA in patients treated for tuberculosis. This study determined the prevalence and incidence of CPA in Lagos, Nigeria.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A prospective longitudinal study of patients with previously managed tuberculosis was conducted between June 2021 and May 2022. The study cohorts were assessed at 3-month intervals, and the following were collected: sociodemographic data, chest radiographic findings, sputum samples for fungal culture, and venous blood samples for Aspergillus immunoglobulin G estimation. CPA cases were determined using the case definition for resource-constrained countries. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used, and significance was set at a probability of 5% (P &amp;lt; .05).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Of the 141 patients recruited, 79 (56.0%) were in the retreatment and 62 (44.0%) in the posttreatment tuberculosis group. The median age (interquartile range) was 40 (30\u201352) years, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.1:1. Ninety-seven patients (69%) had a GeneXpert test done, of whom 63 (64.9%) were GeneXpert negative. Cough was the most common symptom, with 15 (11%) patients having hemoptysis. The rate of CPA increased steadily as the study progressed: 44 (31.2%) at commencement, 45 (34.9%) at 3 months, 49 (42.6%) at 6 months, and 51 (54.3%) at 9 months. Thus, the overall prevalence of CPA was 49.7%, and the incidence was 6.1%.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>CPA is common in Nigeria and its true burden may still be underestimated. Increased awareness of CPA as a posttuberculosis lung disease is advocated. Evaluation for CPA should be incorporated in patients\u2019 work-up for tuberculosis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofae090","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,17]],"date-time":"2024-02-17T06:04:35Z","timestamp":1708149875000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Prevalence of Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis in Two (2) Tuberculosis Treatment Clinics in Lagos, Nigeria: A Prospective Longitudinal Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6849-1315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adeyinka A","family":"Davies","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital , Sagamu , Nigeria"},{"name":"Medical Mycology Society of Nigeria , Lagos , Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abiola O","family":"Adekoya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital , Sagamu , Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oluwaseyi J","family":"Balogun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Lagos , Lagos , Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8111-0743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iriagbonse I","family":"Osaigbovo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Mycology Society of Nigeria , Lagos , Nigeria"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Benin , Benin City , Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Augustina","family":"Nwosu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Mycology Society of Nigeria , Lagos , Nigeria"},{"name":"Central Research Laboratory, College of Medicine University of Lagos , Lagos , Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Titilola","family":"Gbaja-biamila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Sciences Division, Nigeria Institute of Medical Research, Yaba , Lagos , Nigeria"},{"name":"College of Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University College of Public Health and Social Justice , Missouri , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olubunmi","family":"Osinupebi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital , Sagamu , Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Pierre","family":"Gangneux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologie, European Excellence Center in Medical Mycology, French National Reference Center for Chronic Aspergillosis, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes , Rennes , France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Rennes, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherch\u00e9 en Sant\u00e9, Environnement et Travail) (UMR_S 1085) , Rennes , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1488-3345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita O","family":"Oladele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Mycology Society of Nigeria , Lagos , Nigeria"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba , Lagos , Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024040217483732700_ofae090-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.11.089441","article-title":"Global burden of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis as a sequel to pulmonary tuberculosis","volume":"89","author":"Denning","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"2024040217483732700_ofae090-B2"},{"key":"2024040217483732700_ofae090-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myaa026","article-title":"Impact of high baseline Aspergillus-specific IgG levels on weight and quality-of-life outcomes of patients with chronic pulmonary aspergillosis","volume":"58","author":"Bongomin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"2024040217483732700_ofae090-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e171312","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2408.171312","article-title":"Case definition of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis in resource-constrained settings","volume":"24","author":"Denning","year":"2018","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024040217483732700_ofae090-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1801184","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01184-2018","article-title":"Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis commonly complicates treated pulmonary tuberculosis with residual cavitation","volume":"53","author":"Page","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Resp J"},{"key":"2024040217483732700_ofae090-B6","author":"World Health Organization."},{"key":"2024040217483732700_ofae090-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.17.0060","article-title":"Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis as a cause of smear-negative TB and\/or TB treatment failure in Nigerians","volume":"21","author":"Oladele","year":"2017","journal-title":"Intern J Tuberc. Lung Dis"},{"key":"2024040217483732700_ofae090-B8","author":"World Health Organization."},{"key":"2024040217483732700_ofae090-B9","volume-title":"Quality of life and pharma-economics in clinical trials","author":"Szabo","year":"1996","edition":"2nd ed"},{"key":"2024040217483732700_ofae090-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2020-216464","article-title":"A prospective longitudinal study of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis in pulmonary tuberculosis in Indonesia (APICAL)","volume":"77","author":"Setianingrum","year":"2022","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"2024040217483732700_ofae090-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2022.11.005","article-title":"New estimation of the prevalence of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) related to pulmonary TB\u2014a revised burden for India","volume":"6","author":"Denning","year":"2023","journal-title":"IJID Regions"},{"key":"2024040217483732700_ofae090-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"myac063","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myac063","article-title":"Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis is common among patients with presumed tuberculosis relapse in Ghana","volume":"60","author":"Ocansey","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"2024040217483732700_ofae090-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-3879(68)80002-9","article-title":"Aspergillus in persistent lung cavities after tuberculosis: a report from the Research Committee of the British Tuberculosis Association","volume":"49","author":"Davies","year":"1968","journal-title":"Tubercle"},{"key":"2024040217483732700_ofae090-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13465","article-title":"Prevalence of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis regarding time of tuberculosis diagnosis in 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