{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T01:48:59Z","timestamp":1792028939048,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,8]],"date-time":"2024-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709856000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008666","name":"Fundaci\u00f3 la Marat\u00f3 de TV3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202117-30-31"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202117-30-31"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008666","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) has substantially reduced acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related deaths, shifting the focus to non-AIDS conditions in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLWH). We examined mortality trends and predictors of AIDS- and non-AIDS mortality in the Population HIV Cohort from Catalonia and Balearic Islands (PISCIS) cohort of PLWH from 1998 to 2020.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We used a modified Coding Causes of Death in HIV protocol, which has been widely adopted by various HIV cohorts to classify mortality causes. We applied standardized mortality rates (SMR) to compare with the general population and used competing risks models to determine AIDS-related and non-AIDS-related mortality predictors.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Among 30 394 PLWH (81.5% male, median age at death 47.3), crude mortality was 14.2 per 1000 person-years. All-cause standardized mortality rates dropped from 9.6 (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.45\u201310.90) in 1998 through 2003 to 3.33 (95% CI, 3.14\u20133.53) in 2015 through 2020, P for trend = .0001. Major causes were AIDS, non-AIDS cancers, cardiovascular disease, AIDS-defining cancers, viral hepatitis, and nonhepatitis liver disease. Predictors for AIDS-related mortality included being aged \u226540 years, not being a man who have sex with men, history of AIDS-defining illnesses, CD4 &amp;lt; 200 cells\/\u00b5L, \u22652 comorbidities, and nonreceipt of ART. Non-AIDS mortality increased with age, injection drug use, heterosexual men, socioeconomic deprivation, CD4 200 to 349 cells\/\u00b5L, nonreceipt of ART, and comorbidities, but migrants had lower risk (adjusted hazard risk, 0.69 [95% CI, .57\u2013.83]).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Mortality rates among PLWH have significantly decreased over the past 2 decades, with a notable shift toward non\u2013AIDS-related causes. Continuous monitoring and effective management of these non-AIDS conditions are essential to enhance overall health outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofae132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,8]],"date-time":"2024-03-08T14:12:31Z","timestamp":1709907151000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Evolving AIDS- and non-AIDS Mortality and Predictors in the PISCIS Cohort of People Living With HIV in Catalonia and the Balearic Islands (Spain), 1998\u20132020"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3988-9316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel K","family":"Nomah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament de Salut, Centre d\u2019Estudis Epidemiol\u00f2gics sobre les Infeccions de Transmissi\u00f3 Sexual i Sida de Catalunya (CEEISCAT) , Barcelona , Spain"},{"name":"Institut d'Investigaci\u00f3 Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP) , Barcelona , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suju","family":"Jamarkattel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament de Salut, Centre d\u2019Estudis Epidemiol\u00f2gics sobre les Infeccions de Transmissi\u00f3 Sexual i Sida de Catalunya (CEEISCAT) , Barcelona , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7524-0768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreu","family":"Bruguera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament de Salut, Centre d\u2019Estudis Epidemiol\u00f2gics sobre les Infeccions de Transmissi\u00f3 Sexual i Sida de Catalunya (CEEISCAT) , Barcelona , Spain"},{"name":"Institut d'Investigaci\u00f3 Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP) , Barcelona , Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP) , Barcelona , Spain"},{"name":"Departament de Pediatria, d\u2019Obstetr\u00edcia i Ginecologia i de Medicina Preventiva i de Salut Publica, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona , Bellaterra , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Moreno-Forn\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament de Salut, Centre d\u2019Estudis Epidemiol\u00f2gics sobre les Infeccions de Transmissi\u00f3 Sexual i Sida de Catalunya (CEEISCAT) , Barcelona , Spain"},{"name":"Institut d'Investigaci\u00f3 Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP) , Barcelona , Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP) , Barcelona , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yesika","family":"D\u00edaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament de Salut, Centre d\u2019Estudis Epidemiol\u00f2gics sobre les Infeccions de Transmissi\u00f3 Sexual i Sida de Catalunya (CEEISCAT) , Barcelona , Spain"},{"name":"Institut d'Investigaci\u00f3 Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP) , Barcelona , Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP) , Barcelona , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luc\u00eda","family":"Alonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament de Salut, Centre d\u2019Estudis Epidemiol\u00f2gics sobre les Infeccions de Transmissi\u00f3 Sexual i Sida de Catalunya (CEEISCAT) , Barcelona , Spain"},{"name":"Institut d'Investigaci\u00f3 Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP) , Barcelona , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordi","family":"Aceit\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament de Salut, Centre d\u2019Estudis Epidemiol\u00f2gics sobre les Infeccions de Transmissi\u00f3 Sexual i Sida de Catalunya (CEEISCAT) , Barcelona , Spain"},{"name":"Institut d'Investigaci\u00f3 Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP) , Barcelona , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josep M","family":"Llibre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Unit, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol , Badalona , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1138-5770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pere","family":"Domingo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, HIV Infection Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau , Barcelona , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Saumoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Institute of Biomedical Research of Bellvitge (IDIBELL) , L'Hospitalet de Llobregat , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesc","family":"Homar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Son Ll\u00e0tzer , Palma , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Fanjul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa) , Palma , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordi","family":"Navarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitari Vall d\u2019Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR) , Barcelona , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorena","family":"de la Mora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Cl\u00ednic-Institut d\u2019Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hernando","family":"Knobel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine-Infectious Diseases, Hospital del Mar , Barcelona , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amat","family":"Orti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine and Infectious Disease Service, Hospital Verge de la Cinta , Tortosa , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raquel","family":"Martin-Iguacel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament de Salut, Centre d\u2019Estudis Epidemiol\u00f2gics sobre les Infeccions de Transmissi\u00f3 Sexual i Sida de Catalunya (CEEISCAT) , Barcelona , Spain"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital , Odense , Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 M","family":"Mir\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Cl\u00ednic-Institut d\u2019Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain"},{"name":"CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordi","family":"Casabona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament de Salut, Centre d\u2019Estudis Epidemiol\u00f2gics sobre les Infeccions de Transmissi\u00f3 Sexual i Sida de Catalunya (CEEISCAT) , Barcelona , Spain"},{"name":"Institut d'Investigaci\u00f3 Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP) , Barcelona , Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP) , Barcelona , Spain"},{"name":"Departament de Pediatria, d\u2019Obstetr\u00edcia i Ginecologia i de Medicina Preventiva i de Salut Publica, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona , Bellaterra , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3122-6518","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juliana","family":"Reyes-Urue\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament de Salut, Centre d\u2019Estudis Epidemiol\u00f2gics sobre les Infeccions de Transmissi\u00f3 Sexual i Sida de Catalunya (CEEISCAT) , Barcelona , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024042607412791700_ofae132-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e349","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(17)30066-8","article-title":"Survival of HIV-positive patients starting antiretroviral therapy between 1996 and 2013: a collaborative analysis of cohort studies","volume":"4","author":"Trickey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"key":"2024042607412791700_ofae132-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2009.10.002","article-title":"The development of antiretroviral therapy and its impact on the HIV-1\/AIDS pandemic","volume":"85","author":"Broder","year":"2010","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"2024042607412791700_ofae132-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciq243","article-title":"The spectrum of engagement in HIV care and its relevance to test-and-treat strategies for prevention of HIV infection","volume":"52","author":"Gardner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024042607412791700_ofae132-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101810","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101810","article-title":"Treatment as prevention effect of direct-acting antivirals on primary hepatitis C virus incidence: findings from a multinational cohort between 2010 and 2019","volume":"56","author":"van Santen","year":"2022","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"2024042607412791700_ofae132-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0000000000000298","article-title":"Trends in life expectancy of HIV-positive adults on ART across the globe: comparisons with general population","volume":"11","author":"Wandeler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Opin HIV AIDS"},{"key":"2024042607412791700_ofae132-B6","author":"Joint United Nations Programme on HIV\/AIDS (UNAIDS)","year":"2023"},{"key":"2024042607412791700_ofae132-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyr164","article-title":"All-cause mortality in treated HIV-infected adults with CD4 \u2265 500\/mm3 compared with the general population: evidence from a large European observational cohort collaboration","volume":"41","author":"Collaboration of Observational HIV Epidemiological Research Europe (COHERE) in EuroCoord","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2024042607412791700_ofae132-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60604-8","article-title":"Trends in underlying causes of death in people with HIV from 1999 to 2011 (D : A : D): a multicohort collaboration","volume":"384","author":"Smith","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2024042607412791700_ofae132-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis933","article-title":"Mortality attributable to smoking among HIV-1\u2013infected individuals: a nationwide, population-based cohort study","volume":"56","author":"Helleberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024042607412791700_ofae132-B10","author":"Unidad de vigilancia de VIH ITS y hepatitis"},{"key":"2024042607412791700_ofae132-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-65841-0","article-title":"Trends and causes of mortality in a population-based cohort of HIV-infected adults in Spain: comparison with the general population","volume":"10","author":"Fontela","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2024042607412791700_ofae132-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e241","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyad083","article-title":"Cohort profile: PISCIS, a population-based cohort of people living with HIV in Catalonia and Balearic Islands","volume":"52","author":"Bruguera","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2024042607412791700_ofae132-B13","author":"Instituto Nacionalde Estad\u00edstica (INE)"},{"key":"2024042607412791700_ofae132-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e31821b5332","article-title":"The Coding Causes of Death in HIV (CoDe) project: initial results and evaluation of methodology","volume":"22","author":"Kowalska","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"2024042607412791700_ofae132-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofv108","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofv108","article-title":"Strong impact of smoking on multimorbidity and cardiovascular risk among human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals in comparison with the general population","volume":"2","author":"Hasse","year":"2015","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024042607412791700_ofae132-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.7326\/M14-0954","article-title":"Cigarette smoking prevalence among adults with HIV compared with the general adult population in the United States: cross-sectional surveys","volume":"162","author":"Mdodo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2024042607412791700_ofae132-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0000000000000297","article-title":"Reducing rates of preventable HIV\/AIDS-associated mortality among people living with HIV who inject drugs","volume":"11","author":"Parashar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Opin HIV AIDS"},{"key":"2024042607412791700_ofae132-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1900696","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.48.1900696","article-title":"HIV among women in the WHO European region\u2014epidemiological trends and predictors of late diagnosis, 2009\u20132018","volume":"24","author":"M\u00e5rdh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"key":"2024042607412791700_ofae132-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1293.2007.00468.x","article-title":"Incidence and causes of death in HIV-infected persons receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy compared with estimates for the general population of similar age and from the same geographical area","volume":"8","author":"Martinez","year":"2007","journal-title":"HIV Med"},{"key":"2024042607412791700_ofae132-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-010-0079-z","article-title":"Causes of death and risk factors among HIV-infected persons in the HAART era: analysis of a large urban cohort","volume":"39","author":"Leone","year":"2011","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"2024042607412791700_ofae132-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-146-2-200701160-00003","article-title":"Survival of persons with and without HIV infection in Denmark, 1995\u20132005","volume":"146","author":"Lohse","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2024042607412791700_ofae132-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu261","article-title":"Impact of risk factors for specific causes of death in the first and subsequent years of antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected patients","volume":"59","author":"Ingle","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024042607412791700_ofae132-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60604-8","article-title":"Trends in underlying causes of death in people with HIV from 1999 to 2011 (D:A:D): a multicohort collaboration","volume":"384","author":"Smith","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2024042607412791700_ofae132-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1506816","article-title":"Initiation of antiretroviral therapy in early asymptomatic HIV infection","volume":"373","author":"INSIGHT START Study Group","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2024042607412791700_ofae132-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e25031","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25031","article-title":"Increased non-AIDS mortality among persons with AIDS-defining events after antiretroviral therapy initiation","volume":"21","author":"Pettit","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"key":"2024042607412791700_ofae132-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e35","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(16)30020-2","article-title":"Mortality and causes of death in people diagnosed with HIV in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy compared with the general population: an analysis of a national observational cohort","volume":"2","author":"Croxford","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"key":"2024042607412791700_ofae132-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.5501\/wjv.v4.i3.209","article-title":"Non-AIDS definings malignancies among human immunodeficiency virus-positive subjects: epidemiology and outcome after two decades of HAART era","volume":"4","author":"Brugnaro","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Virol"},{"key":"2024042607412791700_ofae132-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qai.0000233310.90484.16","article-title":"Mortality in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era: changing causes of death and disease in the HIV outpatient study","volume":"43","author":"Palella","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"2024042607412791700_ofae132-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-017-2254-7","article-title":"Changes in mortality rates and causes of death in a population-based cohort of persons living with and without HIV from 1996 to 2012","volume":"17","author":"Eyawo","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024042607412791700_ofae132-B30","author":"Ministerio de Sanidad"},{"key":"2024042607412791700_ofae132-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000000591","article-title":"Long-term prescription opioids and\/or benzodiazepines and mortality among HIV-infected and uninfected patients","volume":"69","author":"Weisberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"2024042607412791700_ofae132-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9266","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-13294-y","article-title":"Sex stratification of the trends and risk of mortality among individuals living with HIV under different transmission categories","volume":"12","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2024042607412791700_ofae132-B33","author":"Mascolini"}],"container-title":["Open Forum Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofae132\/56908673\/ofae132.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article-pdf\/11\/4\/ofae132\/57124559\/ofae132.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article-pdf\/11\/4\/ofae132\/57124559\/ofae132.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]],"date-time":"2024-04-26T07:41:51Z","timestamp":1714117311000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofae132\/7624412"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,8]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofae132","relation":{},"ISSN":["2328-8957"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2328-8957","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,8]]},"article-number":"ofae132"}}