{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T13:44:28Z","timestamp":1772199868588,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]],"date-time":"2024-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711584000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The objective of our study is to describe the clinical presentation, management, and outcome of a large cohort with nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) hand infection.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We reviewed the medical records of all adults (\u226518 years) managed at the Mayo Clinic (Rochester, MN) for NTM hand infection between 1998 and 2018.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our cohort included 81 patients. The median age was 61.3 (interquartile range 51.7, 69.6) years; 39.5% were immunocompromised, and 67.9% reported a triggering exposure preceding infection. Infection was deep in 64.2% and disseminated in 3.7%. Up to 16.0% received intralesional steroids because of misdiagnosis with an inflammatory process. Immunocompromised patients had deeper infection, and fewer reports of a triggering exposure. Mycobacterium marinum, Mycobacterium avium complex, and Mycobacterium chelonae\/abscessus complex were the most common species. The median antibiotic duration was 6.1 (interquartile range 4.6, 9.9) months. Deep infection and infection with species other than M marinum were associated with using a greater number of antibiotics for combination therapy and an extended duration of treatment. Immunosuppression was also associated with longer courses of antibiotic therapy. Surgery was performed in 86.5% and 32.4% required multiple procedures. Ten patients, mostly with superficial infections, were treated with antibiotics alone. The 5-year cumulative rate of treatment failure was 30.3% (95% confidence interval, 20.9\u201344.0). Immunosuppression and intralesional steroid use were risk factors for failure.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Treatment of NTM hand infection usually requires surgery and antibiotics, but antibiotics alone may occasionally be attempted in select cases. Immunosuppression and intralesional steroids are risk factors for treatment failure.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofae152","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]],"date-time":"2024-03-28T21:32:30Z","timestamp":1711661550000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Two Decades of Insights into Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Hand Infections"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5650-4852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hussam","family":"Tabaja","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Humza Y","family":"Saleem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Mayo Clinic , Jacksonville, Florida , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karim","family":"Bakri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aaron J","family":"Tande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024042220532978600_ofae152-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00069-18","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00069-18","article-title":"Cutaneous mycobacterial infections","volume":"32","author":"Franco-Paredes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol 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