{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T22:43:13Z","timestamp":1792190593142,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Blockade of the co-inhibitory receptor PD-1 enhances antitumor responses by boosting the function of antigen-specific T cells. Although rare, PD-1 blockade in patients with cancer can lead to exacerbation of infection-associated pathology. Here, we detail the case of a 38-year-old man who was enrolled in a clinical trial for assessment of the safety and activity of anti\u2013PD-1 therapy for Kaposi sarcoma in people with HIV well-controlled on antiretroviral therapy. Less than a week after receiving the first dose of anti\u2013PD-1 antibody (pembrolizumab), he presented with severe abdominal pain associated with sudden exacerbations of preexisting cytomegalovirus (CMV) enteritis and nontuberculous mycobacterial mesenteric lymphadenitis. Plasma biomarkers of gastrointestinal tract damage were highly elevated compared with healthy controls, consistent with HIV-associated loss of gut epithelial barrier integrity. Moreover, CMV-specific CD8 T cells expressed high levels of PD-1, and 7 days following PD-1 blockade, there was an increase in the frequency of activated CD38+ Ki67+ CMV-specific CD8 T cells. This case highlights the potential for PD-1 blockade to drive rapid exacerbations of inflammatory symptoms when administered to individuals harboring multiple unresolved infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofae183","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,31]],"date-time":"2024-03-31T21:49:09Z","timestamp":1711921749000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Exacerbation of CMV and Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections Following PD-1 Blockade for HIV-Associated Kaposi Sarcoma"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2692-1225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ifeanyichukwu U","family":"Anidi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Critical Care Medicine and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland , USA"},{"name":"T Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shunsuke","family":"Sakai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"T Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelsie","family":"Brooks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Barrier Immunity Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven P","family":"Fling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Immunotherapy Trials Network, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center , Seattle, Washington , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington and Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center , Seattle, Washington , USA"},{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston, Massachusetts , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn","family":"Lurain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cecilia S","family":"Lindestam Arlehamn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology , La Jolla, California , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Sette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology , La Jolla, California , USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD) , La Jolla, California , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth S","family":"Knox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona Health Sciences , Phoenix, Arizona , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason M","family":"Brenchley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Barrier Immunity Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland , 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