{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T14:16:20Z","timestamp":1789654580477,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]],"date-time":"2024-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715040000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010877","name":"ViiV Healthcare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010877","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Steatotic liver disease is suggested to have a higher prevalence and severity in people with HIV (PHIV), including in those with a normal body mass index (BMI). In this study, we used data from the 2000HIV cohort to (1) assess the prevalence of liver steatosis and fibrosis in lean versus overweight\/obese PHIV and (2) assess associations in these subgroups between steatosis and fibrosis with traditional risk factors and HIV-specific characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The 2000HIV study cohort comprises 1895 virally suppressed PHIV that were included between 2019 and 2021 in 4 HIV treatment centers in the Netherlands. The majority (58.5%) underwent vibration-controlled transient elastography for the assessment of liver steatosis and fibrosis. The prevalence of steatosis (controlled attenuation parameter \u2265263\u2005dB\/m) and fibrosis (liver stiffness measurement \u22657.0\u2005kPa) was estimated. Multiple factors including HIV characteristics and antiretroviral drugs were tested in a logistic regression model for association with steatosis and fibrosis. Analyses were performed separately for lean (Asian descent: BMI &amp;lt; 23\u2005kg\/m2, other descent: BMI &amp;lt; 25\u2005kg\/m2) and overweight\/obese (other BMI) participants.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Of 1050 PHIV including 505 lean and 545 overweight\/obese PHIV, liver steatosis was observed in 37.7% of the overall study population, 19.7% of lean, and 54% of overweight\/obese PHIV, whereas fibrosis was observed in 9.0% of the overall study population, 5.9% of lean, and 12.0% of overweight\/obese PHIV.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>All associations with fibrosis and most associations with steatosis concerned metabolic factors such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (overall population: adjusted odds ratio [aOR] for steatosis: 2.3 [1.21-4.4], P = .011; aOR for fibrosis: 3.7 [1.82-7.53], P &amp;lt; .001). Furthermore, in lean PLHIV, liver steatosis was associated with CD4 and CD8 counts at enrollment, dual therapy, and history of treatment with raltegravir (aOR: 3.6 [1.53-8.47], P = .003), stavudine (aOR: 3.73 [1.69-8.2], P = .001), and indinavir (aOR: 3.86 [1.59-9.37], P = .003). These associations were not observed in overweight\/obese PHIV.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Liver steatosis was highly prevalent, affecting approximately one-fifth of lean PHIV and half of overweight\/obese PHIV. Fibrosis was observed in a minority. Both steatosis and fibrosis were associated with traditional metabolic risk factors. In addition, (prior) exposure to specific antiretroviral drugs was associated liver steatosis in lean, but not in overweight\/obese PHIV. Implementing increased screening protocols could enhance the identification of steatotic liver disease in lean PHIV.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofae266","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]],"date-time":"2024-05-07T16:44:09Z","timestamp":1715100249000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Liver Steatosis is Prevalent in Lean People With HIV and Associated With Exposure to Antiretroviral Treatment\u2014A Cross-sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6905-1891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louise E","family":"van Eekeren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadira","family":"Vadaq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wilhelm A J W","family":"Vos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, OLVG , Amsterdam , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc J T","family":"Blaauw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Elisabeth-Tweesteden Hospital , Tilburg , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert L","family":"Groenendijk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"van Lunzen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janneke E","family":"Stalenhoef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, OLVG , Amsterdam , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marvin A H","family":"Berrevoets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Elisabeth-Tweesteden Hospital , Tilburg , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annelies","family":"Verbon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gert","family":"Weijers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical UltraSound Imaging Center (MUSIC), Division of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mihai G","family":"Netea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Metabolism and Immunology, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn , Bonn , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9 J A M","family":"van der Ven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quirijn","family":"de Mast","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leo A B","family":"Joosten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj-Napoca , Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric T T L","family":"Tjwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Centre , Nijmegen , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024062715574759500_ofae266-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60604-8","article-title":"Trends in underlying causes of death in people with HIV from 1999 to 2011 (D:A:D): a multicohort collaboration","volume":"384","author":"Smith","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2024062715574759500_ofae266-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1112","article-title":"Human immunodeficiency virus and liver disease: a comprehensive update","volume":"1","author":"Sherman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hepatol 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