{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T11:54:17Z","timestamp":1793015657921,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]],"date-time":"2024-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715040000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020955","name":"GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["VEO-000423;"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VEO-000423;"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020955","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020955","name":"GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["B15390"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B15390"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020955","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The number of patients with skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) in the United States appeared to be increasing well into the 21st century. However, no recent data have confirmed this trend.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective, observational cohort study used claims data over 11 years (2010\u20132020) from Optum's de-identified Clinformatics Data Mart Database. SSTI episodes, complications, and comorbidities were identified using International Classification of Diseases codes. Annual SSTI incidence rates, proportions of recurrent SSTI, SSTI-associated deaths, and total costs were estimated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>During the study period, 5.4 million patients experienced 9.1 million SSTI episodes, with an incidence of 77.5 (95% confidence interval, 77.4\u201377.5) per 1000 person-years of observation (PYO). Annual incidence did not change significantly over time. Overall incidence (per 1000\u2005PYO) of SSTI episodes in patients without comorbidities was 32.1 (highest incidence was for previous SSTI [113.5]) versus much higher rates if comorbidities were present. Incidence rates (per 1000\u2005PYO) of chronic ulcers increased over time from 11.3 to 18.2 (P &amp;lt; .0001) and complicated disease from 3.5 to 6.3 (P &amp;lt; .0001). Deaths occurring within 30 days post\u2013SSTI hospitalization rose from 2.6% to 4.6% in 2020. Recurrences occurred in 26.3% of index cases. The mean cost of an SSTI episode was US$3334 (median US$190) and was highest for surgical site infections and chronic ulcers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The epidemiology of SSTI in the United States is changing and the disease burden is increasing despite stabilization in overall incidence. These data can inform identification of priority populations who could benefit from targeted interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofae267","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]],"date-time":"2024-05-07T14:10:41Z","timestamp":1715091041000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["The Incidence of Skin and Soft Tissue Infections in the United States and Associated Healthcare Utilization Between 2010 and 2020"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3213-6258","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Venanzio","family":"Vella","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine Epidemiology\u2013Bacterial, GSK , Siena , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominique","family":"Derreumaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Real World Analytics, GSK , Wavre , Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8640-1742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Aris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Real World Analytics, GSK , Wavre , Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8505-9260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele","family":"Pellegrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccines Clinical Sciences, GSK , Siena , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Contorni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Early Bacterial Vaccine Program, GSK , Siena , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9189-4729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Scherbakov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Medical Affairs, GSK , Wavre , Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Bagnoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Research Unit, GSK , Siena , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024062715565712600_ofae267-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-015-1071-0","article-title":"Incidence of skin and soft tissue infections in ambulatory and inpatient settings, 2005\u20132010","volume":"15","author":"Miller","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024062715565712600_ofae267-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268812001872","article-title":"A population-based study of the epidemiology and clinical features of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in Pennsylvania, 2001\u20132010","volume":"141","author":"Casey","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"2024062715565712600_ofae267-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-13-252","article-title":"Incidence, microbiology, and patient characteristics of skin and soft-tissue infections in a U.S. population: a retrospective population-based study","volume":"13","author":"Ray","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024062715565712600_ofae267-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2007.12.004","article-title":"Increased US emergency department visits for skin and soft tissue infections, and changes in antibiotic choices, during the emergence of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"51","author":"Pallin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"2024062715565712600_ofae267-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.168.14.1585","article-title":"National trends in ambulatory visits and antibiotic prescribing for skin and soft-tissue infections","volume":"168","author":"Hersh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"2024062715565712600_ofae267-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1516","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1509.081228","article-title":"Trends in US hospital admissions for skin and soft tissue infections","volume":"15","author":"Edelsberg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024062715565712600_ofae267-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0143276","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0143276","article-title":"Rising United States hospital admissions for acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections: recent trends and economic impact","volume":"10","author":"Kaye","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2024062715565712600_ofae267-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2015.03.1424","article-title":"Incidence and cost of skin and soft tissue infections in the United States","volume":"18","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"key":"2024062715565712600_ofae267-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-14-296","article-title":"Incidence and cost of hospitalizations associated with Staphylococcus aureus skin and soft tissue infections in the United States from 2001 through 2009","volume":"14","author":"Suaya","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024062715565712600_ofae267-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2006.05.009","article-title":"Contemporary causes of skin and soft tissue infections in North America, Latin America, and Europe: report from the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program (1998\u20132004)","volume":"57","author":"Moet","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"2024062715565712600_ofae267-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S27","DOI":"10.1016\/S1198-743X(16)30095-7","article-title":"Current and future trends in antibiotic therapy of acute bacterial skin and skin-structure infections","volume":"22","author":"Russo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"2024062715565712600_ofae267-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e60057","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0060057","article-title":"Skin and soft tissue infections and associated complications among commercially insured patients aged 0\u201364 years with and without diabetes in the U.S","volume":"8","author":"Suaya","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2024062715565712600_ofae267-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e37","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa008","article-title":"Bacterial infections associated with substance use disorders, large cohort of United States hospitals, 2012\u20132017","volume":"71","author":"McCarthy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024062715565712600_ofae267-B14"},{"key":"2024062715565712600_ofae267-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1045","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1717","article-title":"Staphylococcus aureus skin and soft tissue infection recurrence rates in outpatients: a retrospective database study at 3 US medical centers","volume":"73","author":"Vella","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024062715565712600_ofae267-B16"},{"key":"2024062715565712600_ofae267-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6243","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00649-12","article-title":"Population-based study of the increased incidence of skin and soft tissue infections and associated antimicrobial use","volume":"56","author":"Marra","year":"2012","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2024062715565712600_ofae267-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2009.12.024","article-title":"Recurrent skin and soft tissue infections due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus requiring operative debridement","volume":"201","author":"Sreeramoju","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"2024062715565712600_ofae267-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit764","article-title":"Randomized trial of \u201cbleach baths\u201d plus routine hygienic measures vs. routine hygienic measures alone for prevention of recurrent infections","volume":"58","author":"Kaplan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024062715565712600_ofae267-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01244-06","article-title":"Treatment and outcomes of infections by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus at an ambulatory clinic","volume":"51","author":"Szumowski","year":"2007","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2024062715565712600_ofae267-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268816002855","article-title":"Incidence and factors associated with emergency department visits for recurrent skin and soft tissue infections in patients in California, 2005\u20132011","volume":"145","author":"May","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"}],"container-title":["Open Forum Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofae267\/57444736\/ofae267.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article-pdf\/11\/6\/ofae267\/58215950\/ofae267.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article-pdf\/11\/6\/ofae267\/58215950\/ofae267.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]],"date-time":"2024-06-27T15:01:15Z","timestamp":1719500475000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofae267\/7666662"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofae267","relation":{},"ISSN":["2328-8957"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2328-8957","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]]},"article-number":"ofae267"}}