{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T03:12:03Z","timestamp":1785467523416,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]],"date-time":"2024-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721952000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To report on the implementation and outcomes of a virtual ward established for the management of mpox during the 2022 outbreak, we conducted a 2-center, observational, cross-sectional study over a 3-month period.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>All patients aged \u226517 years with laboratory polymerase chain reaction\u2013confirmed monkeypox virus managed between 14 May and 15 August 2022, at the Hospital for Tropical Diseases at University College London Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust and sexual health services at Central North and West London NHS Foundation Trust, were included. Main outcomes included the proportion of patients managed exclusively on the virtual ward, proportion of patients requiring inpatient admission, proportion of patients with human immunodeficiency virus, and duration of lesion reepithelialization.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Among confirmed cases (N = 221), 86% (191\/221) were managed exclusively on the virtual ward, while 14% (30\/221) required admission. Treatment for concomitant sexually transmitted infections was provided to 25% (55\/221) of patients, antibiotics for other infective complications to 16% (35\/221), and symptomatic relief to 27% (60\/221). The median time from onset to complete lesion reepithelialization and de-isolation was 18 days (range, 8\u201356 days). Eleven percent (24\/221) of individuals disengaged from services within 4 days of testing.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The virtual ward model facilitated safe and holistic outpatient management of mpox, while minimizing admissions. This approach could serve as a model for future outbreak responses.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofae413","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]],"date-time":"2024-07-26T08:00:49Z","timestamp":1721980849000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A Cross-Sectional Evaluation of the Virtual Outpatient Management of People With Mpox"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Clare E","family":"Warrell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , London , United Kingdom"},{"name":"Rare and Imported Pathogens Laboratory, UK Health Security Agency , Wiltshire , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zain","family":"Chaudhry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , London , United Kingdom"},{"name":"Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London , London , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5877-3389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marianne","family":"Shawe-Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , London , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evanthia","family":"Mastoraki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sexual Health and HIV, Central and North West London NHS Trust , London , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashwin","family":"Delmonte Sen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , London , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0398-1567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah","family":"Rafferty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , London , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angus","family":"De Wilton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , London , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naomi","family":"Mescall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , London , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Houlihan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rare and Imported Pathogens Laboratory, UK Health Security Agency , Wiltshire , United Kingdom"},{"name":"Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London , London , United Kingdom"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Virology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , London , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Gothard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , London , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Jungmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sexual Health and HIV, Central and North West London NHS Trust , London , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Logan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , London , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tommy","family":"Rampling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , London , United Kingdom"},{"name":"Rare and Imported Pathogens Laboratory, UK Health Security Agency , Wiltshire , United Kingdom"},{"name":"Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London , London , United Kingdom"},{"name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research, University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre , London , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Waters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sexual Health and HIV, Central and North West London NHS Trust , London , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Browne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sexual Health and HIV, Central and North West London NHS Trust , London , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Marks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , London , United Kingdom"},{"name":"Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London , London , United Kingdom"},{"name":"Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine , London , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Shaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , London , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024082915073216700_ofae413-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-022-07900-7","article-title":"Human monkeypox: a comparison of the characteristics of the new epidemic to the endemic disease","volume":"22","author":"Sukhdeo","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024082915073216700_ofae413-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2022.102402","article-title":"Phylogenomic analysis of the monkeypox virus (MPXV) 2022 outbreak: emergence of a novel viral lineage?","volume":"49","author":"Luna","year":"2022","journal-title":"Travel Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024082915073216700_ofae413-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2200422","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.22.2200422","article-title":"Community transmission of monkeypox in the United Kingdom, April to May 2022","volume":"27","author":"Vivancos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"2024082915073216700_ofae413-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2200424","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.22.2200424","article-title":"Ongoing monkeypox virus outbreak, Portugal, 29 April to 23 May 2022","volume":"27","author":"Perez Duque","year":"2022","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"2024082915073216700_ofae413-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2200421","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.22.2200421","article-title":"Epidemiological, clinical and virological characteristics of four cases of monkeypox support transmission through sexual contact, Italy, May 2022","volume":"27","author":"Antinori","year":"2022","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"2024082915073216700_ofae413-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.12513","article-title":"The WHO declaration of monkeypox as a global public health emergency","volume":"328","author":"Nuzzo","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2024082915073216700_ofae413-B7","author":"UK Health Security Agency"},{"key":"2024082915073216700_ofae413-B8","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2022"},{"key":"2024082915073216700_ofae413-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(22)00228-6","article-title":"Clinical features and management of human monkeypox: a retrospective observational study in the UK","volume":"22","author":"Adler","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024082915073216700_ofae413-B10","author":"UK Health Security 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virus infection in humans across 16 countries\u2014April\u2013June 2022","volume":"387","author":"Thornhill","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2024082915073216700_ofae413-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)01436-2","article-title":"Clinical presentation and virological assessment of confirmed human monkeypox virus cases in Spain: a prospective observational cohort study","volume":"400","author":"Tar\u00edn-Vicente","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2024082915073216700_ofae413-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"m2119","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m2119","article-title":"The \u2018virtual wards\u2019 supporting patients with covid-19 in the community","volume":"369","author":"Thornton","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2024082915073216700_ofae413-B18","author":"UK Health Security Agency","year":"2022"},{"key":"2024082915073216700_ofae413-B19","author":"Nigeria Centre for Disease 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A prospective cohort study","volume":"34","author":"Moody","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"key":"2024082915073216700_ofae413-B28","author":"UK Health Security Agency","year":"2022"},{"key":"2024082915073216700_ofae413-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(22)00411-X","article-title":"Demographic and clinical characteristics of confirmed human monkeypox virus cases in individuals attending a sexual health centre in London, UK: an observational analysis","volume":"22","author":"Girometti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024082915073216700_ofae413-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e072410","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2022-072410","article-title":"Clinical features and novel presentations of human monkeypox in a central London centre during the 2022 outbreak: descriptive case series","volume":"378","author":"Patel","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2024082915073216700_ofae413-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.11.020","article-title":"The clinical presentation of monkeypox: a retrospective case-control study of patients with possible or probable monkeypox in a West London cohort","volume":"126","author":"Rimmer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024082915073216700_ofae413-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00273-8","article-title":"Mpox in people with advanced HIV infection: a global case series","volume":"401","author":"Mitj\u00e0","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["Open Forum Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofae413\/58654418\/ofae413.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article-pdf\/11\/8\/ofae413\/58874882\/ofae413.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article-pdf\/11\/8\/ofae413\/58874882\/ofae413.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,29]],"date-time":"2024-08-29T20:54:28Z","timestamp":1724964868000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofae413\/7721145"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofae413","relation":{},"ISSN":["2328-8957"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2328-8957","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]]},"article-number":"ofae413"}}