{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T22:42:48Z","timestamp":1792190568118,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]],"date-time":"2024-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727049600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 CA239593"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 CA239593"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23 CA150931"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23 CA150931"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U54 CA190146"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54 CA190146"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 CA015704"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 CA015704"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases at the National Institutes of Health","award":["P30 AI027757"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 AI027757"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>An improved understanding of oral Kaposi sarcoma\u2013associated herpesvirus (KSHV) viral dynamics could provide insights into transmission risk and guide vaccine development.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We evaluated KSHV oral shedding dynamics in Ugandan adults stratified by Kaposi sarcoma (KS) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status. Participants were followed for \u22654 weeks, with daily home oral swab collection to quantify KSHV using polymerase chain reaction. Shedding rates were defined by number of days with KSHV DNA detected divided by total days with swabs and compared by group using hurdle models.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Two hundred ninety-five participants were enrolled; median age was 35 years (range, 18\u201371 years), and 134 (45%) were male. KSHV was detected more frequently among participants with KS (HIV positive [HIV+]\/KS+, 56\/76 [74%]; HIV negative [HIV\u2212]\/KS+, 9\/18 [50%]) than those without KS (HIV+\/KS\u2212, 36\/125 [29%]; HIV\u2212\/KS\u2212, 16\/76 [21%]); odds of shedding did not differ significantly by HIV status. Among participants with KSHV detected, shedding rates did not differ significantly by group. Median per-participant viral loads among positive samples were lowest in HIV+\/KS+ (3.1 log10 copies\/mL) and HIV\u2212\/KS+ (3.3 log10 copies\/mL) participants relative to HIV+\/KS\u2212 (3.8 log10 copies\/mL) and HIV\u2212\/KS\u2212 (4.0 log10 copies\/mL) participants. All groups had participants with low viral load intermittent shedding and participants with high viral load persistent shedding. Within each group, individual KSHV shedding rate positively correlated with median KSHV log10 copies\/mL, and episode duration positively correlated with peak viral load.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Oral KSHV shedding is highly heterogeneous across Ugandan adults with and without KS and HIV. Persistent shedding is associated with higher median viral loads regardless of HIV and KS status.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofae548","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]],"date-time":"2024-09-23T08:01:22Z","timestamp":1727078482000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Highly Heterogeneous Kaposi Sarcoma\u2013Associated Herpesvirus Oral Shedding Kinetics Among People With and Without Kaposi Sarcoma and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Coinfection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0029-8511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth M","family":"Krantz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center , Seattle, Washington ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Innocent","family":"Mutyaba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Uganda Cancer Institute , Kampala ,","place":["Uganda"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janet","family":"Nankoma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Uganda Cancer Institute , Kampala ,","place":["Uganda"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fred","family":"Okuku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Uganda Cancer Institute , Kampala ,","place":["Uganda"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corey","family":"Casper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center , Seattle, Washington ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Access to Advanced Health Institute , Seattle, Washington ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jackson","family":"Orem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Uganda Cancer Institute , Kampala ,","place":["Uganda"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A","family":"Swan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center , Seattle, Washington ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3564-8571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Warren","family":"Phipps","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center , Seattle, Washington ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Access to Advanced Health Institute , Seattle, Washington ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua T","family":"Schiffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center , Seattle, Washington ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Pt 7","key":"2024102921264586500_ofae548-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-83-7-1613","article-title":"Mixed patterns of transmission of human herpesvirus-8 (Kaposi\u2019s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus) in Malawian families","volume":"83","author":"Cook","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"2024102921264586500_ofae548-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1086\/421466","article-title":"Shedding of human herpesvirus 8 in oral and genital secretions from 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