{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T18:14:48Z","timestamp":1792692888739,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,5]],"date-time":"2024-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Recently, the California Department of Public Health issued an advisory related to the substantial rise in Coccidioidomycosis in California, which has been attributed in part to climate change and rapid housing development. Most cases are self-limiting, but some may spread to the meninges, resulting in coccidioidal meningitis (CM). Many providers mistakenly presume that CM is limited to patients who are immunocompromised. In this case series and literature review, we present 12 cases of CM in immunocompetent individuals seen at a single tertiary academic center between 1 January 2019 and 31 December 2023. All 12 cases developed complications, with 10 requiring ventriculoperitoneal shunting, 6 having spinal cord involvement (5 with cervical spine involvement), 4 having strokes, and 3 dying from complications related to CM. It is important to recognize CM as it may be life-threatening if not promptly diagnosed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofae590","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,5]],"date-time":"2024-10-05T12:03:38Z","timestamp":1728129818000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A Single-center Experience of Coccidioides Meningitis in Immunocompetent Patients: Case Series and Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8066-2757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ravi","family":"Rajmohan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of California , Irvine, California ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacob","family":"Deyell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of California , Irvine, California ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of California , Irvine, California ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Gramajo-Aponte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of California , Irvine, California ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianna","family":"Fote","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Irvine , California ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordan","family":"Davies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Irvine , California ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nita","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of California , Irvine, California ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Diamond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, University of California , Irvine, California ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoying","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Loma Linda University , Loma Linda, California ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024112610430231400_ofae590-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.3390\/jof5030054","article-title":"Central nervous system infections due to coccidioidomycosis","volume":"5","author":"Jackson","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Fungi (Basel)"},{"key":"2024112610430231400_ofae590-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2015.10.008","article-title":"Coccidioidomycosis","volume":"30","author":"Stockamp","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"2024112610430231400_ofae590-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1939","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.08.011","article-title":"Host-pathogen interactions in coccidioidomycosis: prognostic clues and opportunities for novel therapies","volume":"41","author":"Krogstad","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"key":"2024112610430231400_ofae590-B4","author":"California Department of Public Health (CDPH)"},{"key":"2024112610430231400_ofae590-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu681","article-title":"Valley fever: finding new places for an old disease: Coccidioides immitis found in Washington State soil associated with recent human infection","volume":"60","author":"Litvintseva","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024112610430231400_ofae590-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2306821","article-title":"Coccidioidomycosis and histoplasmosis in immunocompetent persons","volume":"390","author":"Galgiani","year":"2024","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2024112610430231400_ofae590-B7","author":"American Community Survey. ACS 5-year data estimates profiles ACS Demographic and Housing Estimates","year":"2021"},{"key":"2024112610430231400_ofae590-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1406.006","article-title":"Deep solitary brain mass in a four-month-old male with disseminated coccidioidomycosis: case report","volume":"1111","author":"Nolt","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"2024112610430231400_ofae590-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2020.106011","article-title":"Coccidioidal meningitis in non-AIDS patients. 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