{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T04:25:23Z","timestamp":1776831923513,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]],"date-time":"2024-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Clinical Research"},{"name":"IDCRC Early Career Investigator Pilot Award"},{"name":"Complex Carbohydrate Research Center","award":["R24GM137782"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R24GM137782"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"NIAID","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UM1AI148684"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM1AI148684"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"NIAID","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HHSN261200800001E"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN261200800001E"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"NIAID","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["75N910D00024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75N910D00024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"NIAID","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["75N91019F00130"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75N91019F00130"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"NIAID","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["75N91020F00010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75N91020F00010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Defense Health Program","award":["UM1AI148684"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM1AI148684"]}]},{"name":"Defense Health Program","award":["UM1AI148576"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM1AI148576"]}]},{"name":"Defense Health Program","award":["UM1AI148573"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM1AI148573"]}]},{"name":"Defense Health Program","award":["UM1AI148575"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM1AI148575"]}]},{"name":"Defense Health Program","award":["UM1AI148452"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM1AI148452"]}]},{"name":"Defense Health Program","award":["UM1AI148685"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM1AI148685"]}]},{"name":"Defense Health Program","award":["UM1AI148450"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM1AI148450"]}]},{"name":"Defense Health Program","award":["UM1AI148689"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM1AI148689"]}]},{"name":"governments of Denmark"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004332","name":"Seoul National University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004332","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"London International Coordinating Centre","award":["MRC_UU_12023\/23"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MRC_UU_12023\/23"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) are characterized by excessive inflammatory cytokines\/chemokines. In adults, disease severity is associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)\u2013specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) Fc afucosylation, which induces proinflammatory cytokine secretion from innate immune cells. This study aimed to define spike IgG Fc glycosylation following SARS-CoV-2 infection in adults and children and following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in adults and the relationships between glycan modifications and cytokines\/chemokines.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We analyzed longitudinal (n = 146) and cross-sectional (n = 49) serum\/plasma samples from adult and pediatric COVID-19 patients, MIS-C patients, adult vaccinees, and adult and pediatric controls. We developed methods for characterizing bulk and spike IgG Fc glycosylation by capillary electrophoresis and measured levels of 10 inflammatory cytokines\/chemokines by multiplexed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Spike IgG was more afucosylated than bulk IgG during acute adult COVID-19 and MIS-C. We observed an opposite trend following vaccination, but it was not significant. Spike IgG was more galactosylated and sialylated and less bisected than bulk IgG during adult COVID-19, with similar trends observed during pediatric COVID-19\/MIS-C and following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Spike IgG glycosylation changed with time following adult COVID-19 or vaccination. Afucosylated spike IgG exhibited inverse and positive correlations with inflammatory markers in MIS-C and following vaccination, respectively; galactosylated and sialylated spike IgG inversely correlated with proinflammatory cytokines in adult COVID-19 and MIS-C; and bisected spike IgG positively correlated with inflammatory cytokines\/chemokines in multiple groups.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We identified previously undescribed relationships between spike IgG glycan modifications and inflammatory cytokines\/chemokines that expand our understanding of IgG glycosylation changes that may impact COVID-19 and MIS-C immunopathology.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofae626","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]],"date-time":"2024-10-16T13:15:51Z","timestamp":1729084551000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Altered Spike Immunoglobulin G Fc N-Linked Glycans Are Associated With Hyperinflammatory State in Adult Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2597-7654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacob D","family":"Sherman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, Georgia ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vinit","family":"Karmali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, Georgia 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