{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T22:27:03Z","timestamp":1768256823042,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"Supplement_3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]],"date-time":"2025-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741564800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":99,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OPP1189053"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPP1189053"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Institute for Healthcare Research Mucosal and Respiratory Pathogens Unit"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004337","name":"St George's, University of London","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004337","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Low- and middle-income countries lack data on culture-confirmed sepsis in HIV-exposed infants, despite the reported heightened risk of infectious morbidity. This study describes culture-confirmed sepsis and antibiotic resistance patterns among HIV-exposed children in a large etiological cohort study in Kampala, Uganda.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This was a prospective birth cohort study based at 2 Ugandan sites, as part of the Progressing Group B Streptococcal Vaccines (PROGRESS) study. Any infant with risk factors, signs, or symptoms of infection presenting before 3 months of age had a blood culture and nasopharyngeal swab taken to determine the etiology of neonatal and young infant sepsis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Among 4492 blood cultures, 460 were obtained from HIV-exposed infants. Nine infants (1.9%) had positive blood cultures. The most frequently isolated organisms were Escherichia coli, group B Streptococcus, and Streptococcus viridans, and these organisms demonstrated resistance to the common antibiotics (aminoglycosides, penicillins, and cephalosporins) used for management of suspected sepsis. A higher proportion of the exposed babies died vs HIV-unexposed (15.8 vs 11.2; P = .005). Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from 114 infants, with 7.9% positive for at least one virus or bacterium.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Future work is needed to investigate why mortality among HIV-exposed infants persists despite maternal antiretroviral treatment. Antimicrobial resistance is an increasing concern in this setting.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofae642","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]],"date-time":"2025-03-10T06:13:52Z","timestamp":1741587232000},"page":"S187-S192","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["HIV Exposure and Neonatal Sepsis: A Descriptive Etiological Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2662-0756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patience","family":"Atuhaire","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Makerere University\u2014Johns Hopkins University (MUJHU) Research Collaboration , Kampala ,","place":["Uganda"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Kyohere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Makerere University\u2014Johns Hopkins University (MUJHU) Research Collaboration , Kampala ,","place":["Uganda"]},{"name":"Institute for 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