{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T19:30:39Z","timestamp":1784921439953,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,8]],"date-time":"2024-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731024000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>There is a paucity of data on the prevalence of newly diagnosed immunosuppressive conditions following a first invasive pneumococcal infection (IPI) in adults considered to be at low risk for it. A total of 352 IPIs were reviewed over a 7-year period, with 39 (11.1%) ultimately analyzed. A 3.4-year follow-up period revealed that 4 patients (10.3%) had been diagnosed with immunosuppressive conditions. Of these, 3 had been diagnosed with multiple myeloma (MM). These findings indicate that in adults who experience a first IPI and are at low risk for it, MM should be strongly considered and addressed as early as possible.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofae653","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,8]],"date-time":"2024-11-08T14:10:32Z","timestamp":1731075032000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Searching for Immunocompromising Conditions in Low-risk Adults After Invasive Pneumococcal Disease: An Opportunity to Uncover Multiple Myeloma Early"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7317-5157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guillermo","family":"Maestro de la Calle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Antimicrobial Stewardship Program, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre , Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre , Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Research Institute of the Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (imas12) , Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Mateo Flores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre , Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4462-1354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia","family":"Bra\u00f1as","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of the Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (imas12) , Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre , Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esther","family":"Viedma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antimicrobial Stewardship Program, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre , Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Research Institute of the Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (imas12) , Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre , Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4748-8288","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Lumbreras Bermejo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre , Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Research Institute of the Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (imas12) , Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024121716064336300_ofae653-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2020.07.001","article-title":"Executive summary of the Consensus Document on the Diagnosis and Management of Patients With Primary Immunodeficiencies","volume":"38","author":"Cordero","year":"2020","journal-title":"Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin (Engl Ed)"},{"key":"2024121716064336300_ofae653-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2013.10.020","article-title":"Immunoglobulin deficiency in patients with Streptococcus pneumoniae or Haemophilus influenzae invasive infections","volume":"19","author":"Martinot","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024121716064336300_ofae653-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix836","article-title":"Prevalence of hypogammaglobulinemia in adult invasive pneumococcal disease","volume":"66","author":"Cowan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024121716064336300_ofae653-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.02.005","article-title":"Diagnosis of primary antibody and complement deficiencies in young adults after a first invasive bacterial infection","volume":"23","author":"Sanges","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"2024121716064336300_ofae653-B5"},{"key":"2024121716064336300_ofae653-B6","author":"Kobayashi"},{"key":"2024121716064336300_ofae653-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa090","article-title":"Differences and temporal changes in risk of invasive pneumococcal disease in adults with hematological malignancies: results from a nationwide 16-year cohort study","volume":"72","author":"Andersen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024121716064336300_ofae653-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0463.2001.d01-149.x","article-title":"Multiple myeloma following an episode of community-acquired pneumococcal bacteraemia or meningitis","volume":"109","author":"Gregersen","year":"2001","journal-title":"APMIS"},{"key":"2024121716064336300_ofae653-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1080\/10245332.2015.1101969","article-title":"Early mortality in multiple myeloma: experiences from a single institution","volume":"21","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hematology"},{"key":"2024121716064336300_ofae653-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.03.072","article-title":"Invasive pneumococcal disease among adults with hematological and solid organ malignancies: a population-based cohort study","volume":"106","author":"Garcia Garrido","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024121716064336300_ofae653-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-553X.2009.01154.x","article-title":"Multiple myeloma presenting with an acute bacterial infection","volume":"31","author":"Kalambokis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Lab Hematol"},{"key":"2024121716064336300_ofae653-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcm077","article-title":"Multiple myeloma: causes and consequences of delay in diagnosis","volume":"100","author":"Kariyawasan","year":"2007","journal-title":"QJM"},{"key":"2024121716064336300_ofae653-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwq126","article-title":"Long-term mortality in patients diagnosed with pneumococcal meningitis: a Danish nationwide cohort study","volume":"172","author":"Roed","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2024121716064336300_ofae653-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2020-1286","article-title":"Evaluation of the protein gap for detection of abnormal serum gammaglobulin level: an imperfect predictor","volume":"59","author":"Suleman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"2024121716064336300_ofae653-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105923","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.105923","article-title":"Streptococcus pneumoniae promotes lung cancer development and progression","volume":"26","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"iScience"}],"container-title":["Open Forum Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofae653\/60541193\/ofae653.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article-pdf\/11\/11\/ofae653\/61217051\/ofae653.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article-pdf\/11\/11\/ofae653\/61217051\/ofae653.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]],"date-time":"2024-12-17T16:06:56Z","timestamp":1734451616000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofae653\/7887508"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofae653","relation":{},"ISSN":["2328-8957"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2328-8957","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]]},"article-number":"ofae653"}}