{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T09:59:35Z","timestamp":1771581575720,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Emerging Infections Program Network"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To protect infants aged &amp;lt;2 months against pertussis, the United States recommends Tdap (tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis) vaccination during each pregnancy. Data are limited on the strategy's effectiveness against pertussis in infants aged \u22652 months.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Pertussis case infants aged 2 to &amp;lt;6 months with cough onset between 1 January 2011 and 31 December 2014 were identified in 6 US states. Controls were 2 to &amp;lt;6 months of age, hospital matched, and selected by birth certificate. Mothers were interviewed to collect demographic and healthcare information. Provider-verified vaccination history was obtained for infants and mothers. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) were calculated using conditional logistic regression; overall vaccine effectiveness (VE) was estimated as (1 \u2212 aOR)\u00d7100. To describe maternal Tdap VE modified by infant DTaP (diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis) doses, case-control sets were unmatched, and a time-to-event analysis was conducted through a generalized linear mixed model.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 335 cases and 927 controls were enrolled. The overall adjusted VE estimate for Tdap during pregnancy was 45.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.8%\u201368.5%) and increased slightly, but not significantly, against infant hospitalization (55.7% [\u2212116.8% to 90.9%]). Although point estimates were not significant, VE was modified by infant DTaP doses (58.8% [95% CI, \u22126.0% to 84.0%] for 0 DTaP doses, 30.5% [\u221221.4% to 60.2%] for 1 dose, and 3.2% [\u2212170.8% to 65.4%] for 2 doses).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our study suggests that there is some benefit of maternal Tdap vaccination beyond the first 2 months of life, however, on-time vaccination of infants remains critical to maintain protection from pertussis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofae655","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]],"date-time":"2024-11-05T11:15:01Z","timestamp":1730805301000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Impact of the US Maternal Tetanus Toxoid, Reduced Diphtheria Toxoid, and Acellular Pertussis (Tdap) Vaccination Program on Preventing Pertussis in Infants 2 to &amp;lt;6 Months of Age: A Case-Control Evaluation"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Tami H","family":"Skoff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Atlanta, Georgia ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amy B","family":"Rubis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Atlanta, Georgia ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pam Daily","family":"Kirley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California Emerging Infections Program , Oakland, California ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Scherzinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New Mexico Department of Health , Santa Fe, New Mexico ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"McMahon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minnesota Department of Health , St Paul, Minnesota ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suzanne","family":"McGuire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York State Department of Health , Albany, New York ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathy","family":"Kudish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Connecticut Department of Public Health , Hartford, Connecticut ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2231-5797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul R","family":"Cieslak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oregon Health Authority , Portland, Oregon ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nong","family":"Shang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Atlanta, Georgia ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5977-0259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan","family":"Hariri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Atlanta, Georgia ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024112308505929300_ofae655-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5654","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.08.066","article-title":"The impact of parental postpartum pertussis vaccination on infection in infants: a population-based study of cocooning in Western Australia","volume":"33","author":"Carcione","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2024112308505929300_ofae655-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir765","article-title":"Impact of maternal postpartum tetanus and diphtheria toxoids and acellular pertussis immunization on infant pertussis infection","volume":"54","author":"Castagnini","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024112308505929300_ofae655-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S221","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw528","article-title":"An 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