{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T11:38:31Z","timestamp":1787312311653,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,16]],"date-time":"2024-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731715200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["D43 TW009759"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D43 TW009759"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ADM 342\/411\/01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ADM 342\/411\/01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Alliance for Global Health and Science Small Grants award"},{"name":"Center for Emerging and Neglected Diseases"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006978","name":"University of California, Berkeley","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006978","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We determined the etiology, risk factors, and outcomes associated with bacteremia in patients with hematologic malignancies and febrile neutropenia (FN) at the Uganda Cancer Institute (UCI).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>UCI adult and pediatric inpatients with hematologic malignancies and FN were prospectively enrolled and followed up to determine 30-day mortality. Blood drawn from participants with FN was cultured in the BACTEC 9120 blood culture system. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed with the disk diffusion method on identified bacteria. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards regression were applied to estimate associations between participant characteristics and FN, bacteremia, and mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 495 participants, the majority (n = 306 [62%]) were male. Median age was 23 years (interquartile range, 11\u201342 years). Of the 132 participants who experienced FN, 43 (33%) had bacteremia. Participants with younger age (odds ratio [OR], 0.98; P = .05), severe neutropenia (OR, 2.9; P = .01), hypotension (OR, 2.46; P = .04), mucositis (OR, 2.77; P = .01), and receipt of chemotherapy (OR, 2.25; P = .03) were more likely to have bacteremia. Fifty (78%) bacteria isolated were gram negative. Escherichia coli (n = 25 [50%]) was predominant. Thirty-seven of 43 (86%) episodes were caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. Thirty-day overall survival for participants with bacteremia was significantly lower than that for participants with no bacteremia (P = .05). MDR bacteremia (hazard ratio, 1.84; P = .05) was associated with increased risk of death.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bacteremia was frequent in patients with hematologic cancer and FN and was associated with poor survival. MDR bacteria were the main cause of bacteremia and mortality. There is a need for robust infection control and antimicrobial stewardship programs in cancer centers in sub-Saharan Africa.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofae682","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,15]],"date-time":"2024-11-15T07:17:19Z","timestamp":1731655039000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Etiology, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Bacteremia in Patients With Hematologic Malignancies and Febrile Neutropenia in Uganda"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4706-6157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margaret","family":"Lubwama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University , Kampala ,","place":["Uganda"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah E","family":"Holte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center , Seattle, Washington ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuzheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center , Seattle, Washington ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8647-2399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelvin R","family":"Mubiru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hutchinson Centre Research Institute of Uganda , Kampala ,","place":["Uganda"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Katende","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University , Kampala ,","place":["Uganda"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jackson","family":"Orem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Uganda Cancer Institute , Kampala ,","place":["Uganda"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David P","family":"Kateete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University , Kampala ,","place":["Uganda"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Freddie","family":"Bwanga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University , Kampala ,","place":["Uganda"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4409-3221","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Warren","family":"Phipps","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center , Seattle, Washington ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Allergy and Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024122308163364500_ofae682-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(22)00270-4","article-title":"Cancer in sub-Saharan Africa in 2020: a review of current estimates of the national burden, data gaps, and future needs","volume":"23","author":"Bray","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"2024122308163364500_ofae682-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2258","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.21847","article-title":"Mortality, morbidity, and cost associated with febrile neutropenia in adult cancer patients","volume":"106","author":"Kuderer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2024122308163364500_ofae682-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-04220-6_6","article-title":"Neutropenic fever and sepsis: evaluation and management","volume":"161","author":"Rolston","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Res"},{"key":"2024122308163364500_ofae682-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5078","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-02-387092","article-title":"Meeting the challenge of hematologic malignancies in sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"119","author":"Gopal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2024122308163364500_ofae682-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4274682","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/4274682","article-title":"Mortality among cancer patients within 90 days of therapy in a tertiary hospital, Tanzania: is our pretherapy screening effective?","volume":"2020","author":"Changalucha","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cancer Epidemiol"},{"key":"2024122308163364500_ofae682-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofad508","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofad508","article-title":"Etiology of fever and associated outcomes among adults receiving chemotherapy for the treatment of solid tumors in Uganda","volume":"10","author":"Gulleen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024122308163364500_ofae682-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-019-4520-9","article-title":"Bacteremia in febrile cancer patients in Uganda","volume":"12","author":"Lubwama","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"2024122308163364500_ofae682-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2018.09.012","article-title":"Bloodstream infections in oncology patients at Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Cape Town, from 2012 to 2014","volume":"77","author":"Mvalo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024122308163364500_ofae682-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-015-1701-z","article-title":"Bloodstream infections in patients with malignancies: implications for antibiotic treatment in a Ghanaian tertiary setting","volume":"8","author":"Obeng-Nkrumah","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"2024122308163364500_ofae682-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/s13027-023-00533-8","article-title":"Prevalence of blood stream infections and associated factors among febrile neutropenic cancer patients on chemotherapy at Ocean Road Cancer Institute, Tanzania","volume":"18","author":"Safari","year":"2023","journal-title":"Infect Agent Cancer"},{"key":"2024122308163364500_ofae682-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0266919","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0266919","article-title":"Bacterial profile and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in cancer patients","volume":"17","author":"Worku","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2024122308163364500_ofae682-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.4314\/ahs.v22i4.10","article-title":"Bloodstream infection in cancer patients; susceptibility profiles of the isolated pathogens, at Khartoum Oncology Hospital, Sudan","volume":"22","author":"Zain","year":"2022","journal-title":"Afr Health Sci"},{"key":"2024122308163364500_ofae682-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e56","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir073","article-title":"Clinical practice guideline for the use of antimicrobial agents in neutropenic patients with cancer: 2010 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America","volume":"52","author":"Freifeld","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024122308163364500_ofae682-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S32","DOI":"10.1086\/383050","article-title":"Management of fever in neutropenic patients with different risks of complications","volume":"39(Suppl 1)","author":"Klastersky","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024122308163364500_ofae682-B15","first-page":"898","article-title":"Variation of axillary temperature and its correlation with oral temperature","volume":"48","author":"Singh","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Assoc Physicians India"},{"key":"2024122308163364500_ofae682-B16","volume-title":"Koneman's color atlas and textbook of diagnostic microbiology","author":"Procop","year":"2020"},{"key":"2024122308163364500_ofae682-B17","volume-title":"Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing","author":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)","year":"2019","edition":"29th ed"},{"key":"2024122308163364500_ofae682-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03570.x","article-title":"Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant bacteria: an international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance","volume":"18","author":"Magiorakos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"2024122308163364500_ofae682-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofab307","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofab307","article-title":"Factors and outcomes related to the use of guideline-recommended antibiotics in patients with neutropenic fever at the Uganda Cancer Institute","volume":"8","author":"Gulleen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024122308163364500_ofae682-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1086\/597505","article-title":"Prospective evaluation of colonization with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)\u2013producing Enterobacteriaceae among patients at hospital admission and of subsequent colonization with ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae among patients during hospitalization","volume":"30","author":"Friedmann","year":"2009","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"2024122308163364500_ofae682-B21","first-page":"1","article-title":"HIV status and associated clinical characteristics among adult patients with cancer at the Uganda Cancer Institute","volume":"4","author":"Bender Ignacio","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Glob Oncol"},{"key":"2024122308163364500_ofae682-B22","first-page":"CD003108","article-title":"Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis for opportunistic infections in adults with HIV","volume":"2003","author":"Grimwade","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2024122308163364500_ofae682-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/41.suppl_4.1","article-title":"Infection risk and cancer chemotherapy: the impact of the chemotherapeutic regimen in patients with lymphoma and solid tissue malignancies","volume":"41(Suppl D)","author":"Bow","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2024122308163364500_ofae682-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofab389","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofab389","article-title":"Risks of opportunistic infections in people with human immunodeficiency virus with cancers treated with chemotherapy","volume":"8","author":"Makinson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024122308163364500_ofae682-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S240","DOI":"10.1086\/427329","article-title":"Infections in patients with febrile neutropenia: epidemiology, microbiology, and risk stratification","volume":"40(Suppl 4)","author":"Viscoli","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024122308163364500_ofae682-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2012.03879.x","article-title":"Changing aetiology, clinical features, antimicrobial resistance, and outcomes of bloodstream infection in neutropenic cancer patients","volume":"19","author":"Gudiol","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"2024122308163364500_ofae682-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1007\/s12032-011-9858-3","article-title":"Profile of infections and outcome in high-risk febrile neutropenia: experience from a tertiary care cancer center in India","volume":"29","author":"Ghosh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med Oncol"},{"key":"2024122308163364500_ofae682-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4613-1239-0_1","article-title":"Factors predisposing cancer patients to infection","volume":"79","author":"Viscoli","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Res"},{"key":"2024122308163364500_ofae682-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636547","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.636547","article-title":"Understanding and managing sepsis in patients with cancer in the era of antimicrobial resistance","volume":"8","author":"Gudiol","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"2024122308163364500_ofae682-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21697","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance in the patient with cancer: escalating challenges and paths forward","volume":"71","author":"Nanayakkara","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"2024122308163364500_ofae682-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0185768","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0185768","article-title":"A fresh look at polymicrobial bloodstream infection in cancer patients","volume":"12","author":"Royo-Cebrecos","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2024122308163364500_ofae682-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1086\/518873","article-title":"Polymicrobial infection in patients with cancer: an underappreciated and underreported entity","volume":"45","author":"Rolston","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024122308163364500_ofae682-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ME20037","DOI":"10.1264\/jsme2.ME20037","article-title":"Does the gut microbiota modulate host physiology through polymicrobial biofilms?","volume":"35","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microbes Environ"},{"key":"2024122308163364500_ofae682-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"dlad062","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlad062","article-title":"Drivers of inappropriate antibiotic use in low- and middle-income countries","volume":"5","author":"Otaigbe","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAC Antimicrob Resist"},{"key":"2024122308163364500_ofae682-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2014.05.018","article-title":"Bloodstream infections in neutropenic patients with cancer: differences between patients with haematological malignancies and solid tumours","volume":"69","author":"Marin","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"2024122308163364500_ofae682-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkp411","article-title":"Bacteraemia due to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase\u2013producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) in cancer patients: clinical features, risk factors, molecular epidemiology and outcome","volume":"65","author":"Gudiol","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2024122308163364500_ofae682-B37","first-page":"2819","article-title":"The emerging problem of bacterial resistance in cancer patients; proceedings of a workshop held by MASCC \u201cNeutropenia, Infection and Myelosuppression\u201d Study Group during the MASCC annual meeting held in Berlin on 27\u201329 June 2013","volume":"24","author":"Rapoport","year":"2016","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"key":"2024122308163364500_ofae682-B38","author":"Tamma"},{"key":"2024122308163364500_ofae682-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S442646","article-title":"CTX-M, TEM, and SHV genes in Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterobacter spp isolated from hematologic cancer patients with bacteremia in Uganda","volume":"17","author":"Lubwama","year":"2024","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"},{"key":"2024122308163364500_ofae682-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-1742423","article-title":"Molecular characterization of high-level aminoglycoside resistance among Enterococcus species","volume":"14","author":"Manoharan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Lab Physicians"},{"key":"2024122308163364500_ofae682-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11020359","article-title":"Molecular and clinical data of antimicrobial resistance in microorganisms producing bacteremia in a multicentric cohort of patients with cancer in a Latin American country","volume":"11","author":"Cruz-Vargas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"2024122308163364500_ofae682-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.18103\/mra.v10i12.3501","article-title":"Bacteremia in cancer patients as a prognostic factor and the relationship with chemotherapy","volume":"10","author":"Macedo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med Res Arch"},{"key":"2024122308163364500_ofae682-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0243449","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0243449","article-title":"Incidence of sepsis and associated mortality within the first year after cancer diagnosis in middle aged adults: a US population based study","volume":"15","author":"Van de Louw","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2024122308163364500_ofae682-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2009.02.008","article-title":"Factors associated with mortality in bacteremic patients with hematologic malignancies","volume":"64","author":"Tumbarello","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024122308163364500_ofae682-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2005.01298.x","article-title":"Risk of bacteraemia and mortality in patients with haematological malignancies","volume":"12","author":"N\u00f8rgaard","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"2024122308163364500_ofae682-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-019-05871-z","article-title":"Antimicrobial de-escalation as part of antimicrobial stewardship in intensive care: no simple answers to simple questions\u2014a viewpoint of experts","volume":"46","author":"De Waele","year":"2020","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"2024122308163364500_ofae682-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E373","DOI":"10.1001\/amajethics.2024.373","article-title":"How should we manage antimicrobial resistance in resource-limited settings?","volume":"26","author":"Gulleen","year":"2024","journal-title":"AMA J Ethics"},{"key":"2024122308163364500_ofae682-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1422","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.01422","article-title":"Infections due to carbapenem-resistant bacteria in patients with hematologic malignancies","volume":"11","author":"Lalaoui","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"2024122308163364500_ofae682-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-6-298","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance in hospitalized surgical patients: a silently emerging public health concern in Uganda","volume":"6","author":"Seni","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"2024122308163364500_ofae682-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2007.01.078","article-title":"Colonization, bloodstream infection, and mortality caused by vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus early after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant","volume":"13","author":"Weinstock","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biol Blood Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"2024122308163364500_ofae682-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2015.01.029","article-title":"Factors influencing mortality in neutropenic patients with haematologic malignancies or solid tumours with bloodstream infection","volume":"21","author":"Marin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"2024122308163364500_ofae682-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02724-0","article-title":"Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis","volume":"399","author":"Murray","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["Open Forum Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofae682\/60699752\/ofae682.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article-pdf\/11\/12\/ofae682\/60968049\/ofae682.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article-pdf\/11\/12\/ofae682\/60968049\/ofae682.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]],"date-time":"2024-12-23T03:17:01Z","timestamp":1734923821000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofae682\/7902054"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,16]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofae682","relation":{},"ISSN":["2328-8957"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2328-8957","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,16]]},"article-number":"ofae682"}}