{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T11:45:10Z","timestamp":1792755910114,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]],"date-time":"2024-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734048000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003921","name":"Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003921","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APP1155066"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1155066"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A 4-component meningococcal B (4CMenB) vaccine program was introduced in adolescents in 2019 in South Australia. We aimed to evaluate long-term vaccine effectiveness (VE) and impact (VI) on gonococcal infection 4 years after implementation of the program.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Disease notification data were provided by SA Health. VE was estimated as the reduction in the odds of infection using the screening and case\u2013control methods. Time-to-event analyses assessed vaccine effect on reinfections. VI was estimated as incidence rate ratios (IRRs) using negative binomial regression models.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>At 4 years after implementation of the program, 2-dose VE against gonococcal infection was 44.3% (95% CI, 35.1%\u201352.2%) using chlamydia patients as controls. Lower VE estimates were demonstrated in those &amp;gt;48 months post\u20134CMenB vaccination (26.2%; 95% CI, \u22122.6% to 47.0%) compared with those who had been vaccinated within \u226448 months (46.0%; 95% CI, 36.3%\u201354.2%). Slightly higher VE estimates were observed in females (48.7%; 95% CI, 36.9%\u201358.2%) compared with males (38.0%; 95% CI, 22.0%\u201350.7%). The risk of a second episode of gonococcal infection was lower in vaccinated gonococcal cases (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.682; 95% CI, 0.450\u20131.034). The adjusted IRR was 0.635 (95% CI, 0.421\u20130.957), with an observed 36.5% reduction in gonococcal infection.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>4CMenB demonstrates moderate effectiveness against gonococcal infection, with a lower VE estimate after 4 years postvaccination. 4CMenB may reduce the risk of recurrent gonococcal infection. The requirement for a booster dose and dosing interval warrants evaluation.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofae726","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]],"date-time":"2024-12-13T15:15:16Z","timestamp":1734102916000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Long-term 4CMenB Vaccine Effectiveness Against Gonococcal Infection at Four Years Post\u2013Program Implementation: Observational Case\u2013Control Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Bing","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit, Women's and Children's Health Network , Adelaide, South Australia ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide , Adelaide, South Australia 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