{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T15:36:48Z","timestamp":1769096208735,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["75N91019D00024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75N91019D00024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We developed a United States\u2013based real-world data resource to better understand the continued impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on immunocompromised patients, who are typically underrepresented in prospective studies and clinical trials.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The COVID-19 Real World Data infrastructure (CRWDi) was created by linking and harmonizing de-identified HealthVerity medical and pharmacy claims data from 1 December 2018 to 31 December 2023, with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virologic and serologic laboratory data from major commercial laboratories and Northwell Health; COVID-19 vaccination data; and, for patients with cancer, 2010 to 2021 National Cancer Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry data.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The CRWDi contains 4 cohorts: patients with cancer; patients with rheumatic diseases receiving pharmacotherapy; noncancer solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients; and people from the general population including adults and pediatric patients. The project successfully linked and harmonized longitudinal, de-identified data on 5.2 million unique patients using privacy-preserving record lineage techniques. The system was developed in early 2024 and rapidly deployed, enabling longitudinal analysis of patient healthcare over the full geography of delivery settings and exploration of novel questions for populations at high risk for adverse outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The successful development of the CRWDi enables researchers to address unanswered questions that have arisen during the COVID-19 pandemic. By making the data broadly and freely available to academic researchers, this real-world data system represents an important complement to existing consortia and clinical trials that have emerged during the healthcare crisis and is readily reproducible for future purposing.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofaf021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,30]],"date-time":"2025-01-30T05:32:49Z","timestamp":1738215169000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Real World Data Infrastructure: A Big-Data Resource for Study of the Impact of COVID-19 in Patient Populations With Immunocompromising Conditions"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8581-1093","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James M","family":"Crawford","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwell, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , New Hyde Park, New York ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lynne","family":"Penberthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ligia A","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine, Immunity and Cancer Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research , Frederick, Maryland ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5068-6595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keri N","family":"Althoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"John Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Department of Epidemiology, Baltimore, Maryland ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Magdalene M","family":"Assimon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aetion Inc , New York, New York ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oren","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Corporation of America , Burlington, North Carolina ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Gillim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Corporation of America , Burlington, North Carolina ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-2088-4366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tracy L","family":"Hammonds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HealthVerity , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shilpa","family":"Kapur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Harvey W","family":"Kaufman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quest Diagnostics , Secaucus, New Jersey ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Kwasny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HealthVerity , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean W","family":"Liew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine , Section of Rheumatology, Boston, Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2791-995X","authenticated-orcid":false,"suffix":"III","given":"William A","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quest Diagnostics , Secaucus, New Jersey ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1488-6044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shannon L","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aetion Inc , New York, New York ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cheryl B","family":"Schleicher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwell, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , New Hyde Park, New York ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suki","family":"Subbiah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center , Section of Hematology\/Oncology, New Orleans, Louisiana ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Theruviparampil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aetion Inc , New York, New York ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zachary S","family":"Wallace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital , Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Boston, Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeremy L","family":"Warner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brown University , Department of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Rhode Island Hospital , Providence, Rhode Island ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suhyeon","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Data Sciences Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9308-2695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yonah C","family":"Ziemba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwell, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , New Hyde Park, New York ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025013005324089300_ofaf021-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocaa196","article-title":"The National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C): rationale, design, infrastructure, and deployment","volume":"28","author":"Haendel","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Med Informatics Assoc"},{"key":"2025013005324089300_ofaf021-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2024.04.003","article-title":"Brief report: impact of anti-cancer treatments on outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with thoracic cancers: a CCC19 registry analysis","volume":"25","author":"Kulkarni","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Lung Cancer"},{"key":"2025013005324089300_ofaf021-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.25220","article-title":"Impact of risk factors on COVID-19 outcomes in unvaccinated people with rheumatic diseases. A comparative analysis of pandemic epochs using the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance Registry","volume":"76","author":"Yazdany","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2025013005324089300_ofaf021-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S70","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiad150","article-title":"A call to action: current challenges and considerations for COVID-19 vaccination in immunocompromised populations","volume":"228","author":"Bonanni","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025013005324089300_ofaf021-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2266","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15082266","article-title":"Adult patients with cancer have impaired humoral responses to complete and booster COVID-19 vaccination, especially those with hematologic cancer on active treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Liatsou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"2025013005324089300_ofaf021-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-021-00487-z","article-title":"COVID-19 vaccine guidance for patients with cancer participating in oncology clinical trials","volume":"18","author":"Desai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2025013005324089300_ofaf021-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0279956","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0279956","article-title":"Real-world performance of SARS-CoV-2 serology tests in the United States, 2020","volume":"18","author":"Rodriguez-Watson","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025013005324089300_ofaf021-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciae121","article-title":"Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines on the diagnosis of COVID-19: serologic testing [manuscript published online ahead of print 15 March 2024]","author":"Hayden","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025013005324089300_ofaf021-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e250","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac724","article-title":"Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines on the treatment and management of patients with COVID-19 (September 2022)","volume":"78","author":"Bhimraj","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025013005324089300_ofaf021-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.05.022","article-title":"Humoral and cellular immune memory to four COVID-19 vaccines","volume":"185","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2025013005324089300_ofaf021-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2341757","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.14757","article-title":"Factors associated with protection from SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection and disease among vaccinated health care workers in Israel","volume":"6","author":"Gilboa","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2025013005324089300_ofaf021-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines12070713","article-title":"Time-dependent effects of clinical interventions on SARS-CoV-2 immunity in patients with lung cancer","volume":"12","author":"Mack","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vaccines (Basel)"},{"key":"2025013005324089300_ofaf021-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2021.0366","article-title":"Association of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity antibody test with risk of future infection","volume":"181","author":"Harvey","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2025013005324089300_ofaf021-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S35\u2013","DOI":"10.1089\/pop.2020.0256","article-title":"Insights from patterns of SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G serology test results from a national clinical laboratory, United States, March\u2013July 2020","volume":"24","author":"Kaufman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pop Health Management"},{"key":"2025013005324089300_ofaf021-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0280584","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0280584","article-title":"Risk of and duration of protection from SARS-CoV-2 reinfection assessed with real-world data","volume":"18","author":"Reynolds","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025013005324089300_ofaf021-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1089\/pop.2022.0241","article-title":"Assessing vulnerability to COVID-19 in high-risk populations: the role of SARS-CoV-2 spike-targeted serology","volume":"26","author":"Kaufman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Popul Health Manag"},{"key":"2025013005324089300_ofaf021-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193246","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1193246","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 spike-protein targeted serology test results and their association with subsequent COVID-19-related outcomes","volume":"11","author":"Kaufman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"2025013005324089300_ofaf021-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102744","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2021.102744","article-title":"Impaired immunogenicity to COVID-19 vaccines in autoimmune systemic diseases. High prevalence of non-response in different patients\u2019 subgroups","volume":"125","author":"Ferri","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Autoimmunity"},{"key":"2025013005324089300_ofaf021-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.21.02419","article-title":"Risk and outcome of breakthrough COVID-19 infections in vaccinated patients with cancer: real-world evidence from the National COVID Cohort Collaborative","volume":"40","author":"Song","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2025013005324089300_ofaf021-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2969","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.27697","article-title":"Current evidence on efficacy of COVID-19 booster dose vaccination against the Omicron variant: a systematic review","volume":"94","author":"Chenchula","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"2025013005324089300_ofaf021-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0228023","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.02280-23","article-title":"Mucosal antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 booster vaccination and breakthrough infection","volume":"14","author":"Bhasavar","year":"2023","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"2025013005324089300_ofaf021-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2024.148795","article-title":"Modelling on COVID-19 control with double and booster-dose vaccination","volume":"928","author":"Kalra","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"2025013005324089300_ofaf021-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e168","DOI":"10.1017\/ash.2023.447","article-title":"The effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccine in the prevention of post-COVID conditions: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of the latest research","volume":"3","author":"Marra","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antimicrob Steward Healthc Epidemiol"},{"key":"2025013005324089300_ofaf021-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1038\/s43856-024-00549-0","article-title":"Identification of risk factors of long COVID and predictive modeling in the RECOVER EHR cohorts","volume":"4","author":"Zang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Commun Med (Lond)"},{"key":"2025013005324089300_ofaf021-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajt.2024.06.001","article-title":"The prevalence of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 in solid organ transplant recipients: evaluation of risk in the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C)","volume":"24","author":"Vinson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Transpl"},{"key":"2025013005324089300_ofaf021-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1260776","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2023.1260776","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 infection as a potential risk factor for the development of cancer","volume":"10","author":"Ogarek","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Mol Biosci"},{"key":"2025013005324089300_ofaf021-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare11020248","article-title":"Cancer patients during COVID-19 pandemic: a mini-review","volume":"11","author":"Linjawi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Healthcare"},{"key":"2025013005324089300_ofaf021-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.20892\/j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0559","article-title":"Effects of cancer on patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 63,019 participants","volume":"18","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Biol Med"},{"key":"2025013005324089300_ofaf021-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2024.01.009","article-title":"Disparities in COVID-19 mortality amongst the immunosuppressed: a systematic review and meta-analysis for enhanced disease surveillance","volume":"88","author":"Leston","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Infection"},{"key":"2025013005324089300_ofaf021-B30","article-title":"National strategy to advance privacy-preserving data sharing and analytics","author":"Office of the President of the United States","year":"2023"},{"key":"2025013005324089300_ofaf021-B31","article-title":"Evaluating the performance of privacy preserving record linkage systems","author":"Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research","year":"2023"},{"key":"2025013005324089300_ofaf021-B32","article-title":"Landscape analysis of privacy preserving patient record linkage software (P3RLS)","author":"Aronson","year":"2020"},{"key":"2025013005324089300_ofaf021-B33","article-title":"Quest Diagnostics granted CDC contract to support COVID-19 infection and vaccination seroprevalence research","author":"Quest Diagnostics","year":"2022"},{"key":"2025013005324089300_ofaf021-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4452","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.32495","article-title":"Inclusiveness and ethical considerations for observational, translational, and clinical cancer health disparity research","volume":"125","author":"Behring","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2025013005324089300_ofaf021-B35","first-page":"lgz029","article-title":"Updated overview of the SEER-Medicare data: enhanced content and applications","volume":"2020","author":"Enewold","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr"},{"key":"2025013005324089300_ofaf021-B36","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"},{"key":"2025013005324089300_ofaf021-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.5401","article-title":"Validation of diagnosis codes to identify hospitalized COVID-19 patients in health care claims data","volume":"31","author":"Kluberg","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"key":"2025013005324089300_ofaf021-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S335621","article-title":"Positive predictive value of COVID-19 ICD-10 diagnosis codes across calendar time and clinical setting","volume":"13","author":"Lynch","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clinical Epidemiol"},{"key":"2025013005324089300_ofaf021-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E982","DOI":"10.9778\/cmajo.20230033","article-title":"Validity of hospital diagnostic codes to identify SARS-CoV-2 infections in reference to polymerase chain reaction results: a descriptive study","volume":"11","author":"Moura","year":"2023","journal-title":"CMAJ Open"},{"key":"2025013005324089300_ofaf021-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2023.12.005","article-title":"Monitoring and reporting the US COVID-19 vaccination effort","volume":"42","author":"Scharf","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2025013005324089300_ofaf021-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2020-217888","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and rheumatic disease: a comparative cohort study from a US \u2018hot spot.\u2019","volume":"79","author":"D'Silva","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2025013005324089300_ofaf021-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e139","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(23)00006-1","article-title":"Outcomes with and without outpatient SARS-CoV-2 treatment for patients with COVID-19 and systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"5","author":"Qian","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol"},{"key":"2025013005324089300_ofaf021-B43","article-title":"Census Bureau releases new 2020 census data on age, sex, race, Hispanic origin, households and housing","author":"US Census Bureau","year":"2023"},{"key":"2025013005324089300_ofaf021-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3204","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa922","article-title":"Rapid emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in the greater New York metropolitan area: geolocation, demographics, positivity rates, and hospitalization for 46,793 persons tested by Northwell Health","volume":"71","author":"Reichberg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025013005324089300_ofaf021-B45","article-title":"Interim guidelines for COVID-19 antibody testing","author":"US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2021"},{"key":"2025013005324089300_ofaf021-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.14765","article-title":"Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in health care personnel in the New York City area","volume":"324","author":"Moscola","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc"},{"key":"2025013005324089300_ofaf021-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1007\/s40121-021-00433-7","article-title":"Fatal infections among cancer patients: a population-based study in the United States","volume":"10","author":"Zheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infect Dis Ther"},{"key":"2025013005324089300_ofaf021-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1177\/1740774520913819","article-title":"The electronic health record as a clinical trials tool: opportunities and challenges","volume":"17","author":"Bertagnolli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clinical Trials"},{"key":"2025013005324089300_ofaf021-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-021-05165-0","article-title":"The time is now: role of pragmatic clinical trials in guiding response to global pandemics","volume":"22","author":"Almufleh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trials"},{"issue":"8 Suppl IV","key":"2025013005324089300_ofaf021-B50","first-page":"69","article-title":"Methodological issues in the use of administrative claims data to study surveillance after cancer treatment","volume":"40","author":"Nattinger","year":"2002","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"2025013005324089300_ofaf021-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.3111\/13696998.2010.535661","article-title":"Resource utilization and healthcare costs for acute coronary syndrome patients with and without diabetes","volume":"13","author":"Zhao","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Med Econ"},{"key":"2025013005324089300_ofaf021-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1200\/CCI.19.00114","article-title":"Workflow differences affect data accuracy in oncologic EHRs: a first step toward detangling the diagnosis data babel","volume":"4","author":"Diaz-Garelli","year":"2020","journal-title":"JCO Clin Cancer Inform"},{"key":"2025013005324089300_ofaf021-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7132e1","article-title":"Vital signs: hepatitis C treatment among insured adults\u2014United States, 2019\u20132020","volume":"71","author":"Thompson","year":"2022","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2025013005324089300_ofaf021-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7131a3","article-title":"Post-COVID-19 symptoms and conditions among children and adolescents\u2014United States, March 1, 2020\u2013January 31, 2022","volume":"71","author":"Kompaniyets","year":"2022","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2025013005324089300_ofaf021-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2532","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-021-06936-w","article-title":"Accuracy of ICD-10 diagnostic codes to identify COVID-19 among hospitalized patients","volume":"36","author":"Bhatt","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"2025013005324089300_ofaf021-B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"K41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.03.075","article-title":"A systematic review of validated methods for identifying patients with rheumatoid arthritis using administrative or claims data","volume":"31","author":"Chung","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2025013005324089300_ofaf021-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ooad067","DOI":"10.1093\/jamiaopen\/ooad067","article-title":"Who is pregnant? Defining real-world data-based pregnancy episodes in the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C)","volume":"6","author":"Jones","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMIA Open"},{"key":"2025013005324089300_ofaf021-B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","article-title":"Influence of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection on COVID-19 severity: evidence from the National COVID Cohort Collaborative","author":"Hendrix","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.08.03.23293612"},{"key":"2025013005324089300_ofaf021-B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-023-01839-2","article-title":"Data quality considerations for evaluating COVID-19 treatments using real world data: learnings from the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C)","volume":"23","author":"Sidky","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"2025013005324089300_ofaf021-B60","first-page":"942","article-title":"Leveraging informative missing data to learn about acute respiratory distress syndrome and mortality in long-term hospitalized COVID-19 patients throughout the years of the pandemic","volume":"2023","author":"Getzen","year":"2024","journal-title":"AMIA Annu Symp Proc"},{"key":"2025013005324089300_ofaf021-B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.2337\/dc22-2037","article-title":"A road map for peer review of real-world evidence studies on safety and effectiveness of treatments","volume":"46","author":"Winterstein","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"}],"container-title":["Open Forum Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article-pdf\/12\/1\/ofaf021\/61574657\/ofaf021.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article-pdf\/12\/1\/ofaf021\/61574657\/ofaf021.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,30]],"date-time":"2025-01-30T05:33:06Z","timestamp":1738215186000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofaf021\/7959745"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofaf021","relation":{},"ISSN":["2328-8957"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2328-8957","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]]},"article-number":"ofaf021"}}