{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T05:50:16Z","timestamp":1787982616694,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]],"date-time":"2025-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739145600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002947","name":"Anhui Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024GWXTYRY003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024GWXTYRY003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002947","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Health Commission of Anhui Province"},{"name":"Lu\u2019an Municipal Government"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n The real-world vaccine effectiveness (VE) of the diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis (DTaP), DTaP\u2013Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), and DTaP\u2013inactivated polio (IPV)\/Hib vaccines has not been thoroughly evaluated in China. Additionally, there are limited data on the VE of acellular pertussis\u2013containing vaccines (aPVs) when used interchangeably.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n We conducted a matched case-control study to estimate the VE of aPVs against polymerase chain reaction\u2013confirmed pertussis infection in Lu\u2019an in 2024. A conditional logistic regression model was used to compare the odds ratios (ORs) of vaccination between cases and controls. VE was calculated as [(1 \u2013 adjusted OR) \u00d7 100%], and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed around the estimates.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n A total of 1936 children aged 3 months to 16 years were included in the study. The overall VE was 77.3% (95% CI, 35.2%\u201392.1%). The VE for fully vaccinated children was 88.4% (95% CI, 57.3%\u201396.8%), while the VE for partially vaccinated children was 77.4% (95% CI, 35.5%\u201392.1%). The VE of DTaP, DTaP-Hib, and DTaP-IPV\/Hib was 75.8% (95% CI, 29.7%\u201391.7%), 83.2% (95% CI, 47.8%\u201394.6%), and 79.8% (95% CI, 36.5%\u201393.6%), respectively. Compared with mixed vaccination (65.3%.), the incremental VE of DTaP, DTaP-Hib, and DTaP-IPV\/Hib was 31.0% (95% CI, 1.0%\u201351.9%), 52.9% (95% CI, 19.1%\u201372.6%), and 41.1% (95% CI, \u221218.7% to 71.8%), respectively. We observed a decline in VE over time, decreasing from 76.5% (95% CI, 33.0%\u201391.7%) within the first 2 years to \u22125.5% (95% CI, \u2212495.2% to 81.3%) after 6 years or more.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n All aPVs provide significant protection against pertussis infection, although this protection wanes over time. The VE appears to decrease materially if these vaccines are administered alternately in an individual's routine immunization schedule.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofaf082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]],"date-time":"2025-02-10T04:55:31Z","timestamp":1739163331000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Real-World Effectiveness of 3 Types of Acellular Pertussis Vaccines Among Children Aged 3 Months\u201316 Years in Lu\u2019an, China: A Matched Case-Control Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8961-4425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Qin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University , Hefei, Anhui ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Department of Expanded Program on Immunization, Anhui Medical University Affiliated Lu\u2019an Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Lu\u2019an, Anhui ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bingxin","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University , Hefei, Anhui ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Expanded Program on Immunization, Anhui Medical University Affiliated Lu\u2019an Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Lu\u2019an, Anhui ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Expanded Program on Immunization, Anhui Medical University Affiliated Lu\u2019an Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Lu\u2019an, Anhui ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Expanded Program on Immunization, Anhui Medical University Affiliated Lu\u2019an Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Lu\u2019an, Anhui ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yafei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Expanded Program on Immunization, Anhui Medical University Affiliated Lu\u2019an Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Lu\u2019an, Anhui ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Expanded Program on Immunization, Jinzhai County Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Lu\u2019an, Anhui ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongyu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Expanded Program on Immunization, Jin\u2019an District Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Lu\u2019an, Anhui ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liguo","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Expanded Program on Immunization, Anhui Medical University Affiliated Lu\u2019an Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Lu\u2019an, Anhui ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changjun","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Expanded Program on Immunization, Jin\u2019an District Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Lu\u2019an, Anhui ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongjie","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Department, Lu\u2019an Hospital of Anhui Medical University , Lu\u2019an, Anhui ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025022510065459200_ofaf082-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-024-01064-8","article-title":"Pertussis vaccines, epidemiology and evolution","volume":"22","author":"Domenech de Cell\u00e8s","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"2025022510065459200_ofaf082-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.rr6702a1","article-title":"Prevention of pertussis, tetanus, and diphtheria with vaccines in the United States: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices 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