{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T20:18:44Z","timestamp":1785442724865,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]],"date-time":"2025-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742428800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"C4R"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"NHLBI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"CONNECTS","award":["OT2HL156812"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OT2HL156812"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"NINDS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100023864","name":"NIA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100023864","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Despite the availability of effective vaccines and a recent decrease in annual deaths, COVID-19 remains a leading cause of death. Serological studies provide insights into host immunobiology of adaptive immune response to infection, which holds promise for identifying high-risk individuals for adverse COVID-19 outcomes. We investigated correlates of anti-nucleocapsid antibody responses following SARS-CoV-2 infection in a US population-based meta-cohort of adults participating in longstanding National Institutes of Health\u2013funded cohort studies. Anti-nucleocapsid antibodies were measured from dried blood spots collected between February 2021 and February 2023. Among 1419 Collaborative Cohort of Cohorts for COVID-19 Research participants with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, the mean age (standard deviation) was 65.8 (12.1), 61% were women, and 42.8% self-reported membership in a race\/ethnicity minority group. The proportion of participants reactive to nucleocapsid peaked at 69% by 4 months after infection and waned to only 44% \u226512 months after infection. Higher anti-nucleocapsid antibody response was associated with older age, Hispanic or American Indian Alaskan Native (vs White) race\/ethnicity, lower income, lower education, former smoking, and higher anti-spike antibody levels. Asian race (vs White) and vaccination (even after infection) were associated with lower nucleocapsid reactivity. Neither vaccine manufacturer nor common cardiometabolic comorbidities were not associated with anti-nucleocapsid response. These findings inform the underlying immunobiology of adaptive immune response to infection, as well as the potential utility of anti-nucleocapsid antibody response for clinical practice and COVID-19 serosurveillance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofaf123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]],"date-time":"2025-03-20T10:03:24Z","timestamp":1742465004000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Demographic and Clinical Factors Associated With SARS-CoV-2 Anti-Nucleocapsid Antibody Response Among Previously Infected US Adults: The C4R Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Ryan T","family":"Demmer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health , New York, New York 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