{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T01:33:07Z","timestamp":1772760787960,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]],"date-time":"2025-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749513600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100031003","name":"CDC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100031003","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Long-term sequelae after SARS-CoV-2 infection may impact health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL), yet it is unknown how HRQoL changes during recovery. We compared patient-reported HRQoL among adults with COVID-19\u2013like illness who tested SARS-CoV-2 positive (COVID+) with those who tested negative (COVID\u2212).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Participants in this prospective, multicenter, longitudinal registry study were enrolled from December 2020 through August 2022 and completed 3-month follow-up assessments until 12 months after enrollment. Participants were adults (\u226518 years) with acute symptoms suggestive of COVID-19 who received a Food and Drug Administration\u2013approved SARS-CoV-2 test. Participants received questions from PROMIS-29 (subscales: physical function, anxiety, depression, fatigue, social participation, sleep disturbance, and pain interference) and PROMIS SF-8a (cognitive function). Latent transition analysis was used to identify meaningful patterns in HRQoL scores over time; 4 HRQoL categories were compared descriptively and using multivariable regression. Inverse probability weighting was used to adjust for covariate imbalance.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There were 1096 (75%) COVID+ and 371 (25%) COVID\u2212. Four distinct well-being classes emerged: optimal overall, poor mental, poor physical, and poor overall HRQoL. COVID+ participants were more likely to return to the optimal HRQoL class compared to COVID\u2212 participants. The most substantial transition from poor physical to optimal HRQoL occurred by 3 months, whereas movement from poor mental to optimal HRQoL occurred by 9 months.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In adults with COVID-19\u2013like illness, COVID+ participants demonstrated meaningful recovery in their physical HRQoL by 3 months after infection, but mental HRQoL took longer to improve. Suboptimal HRQoL at 3 to 12 months after infection remained in approximately 20%.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>NCT04610515.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofaf278","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]],"date-time":"2025-06-10T13:02:02Z","timestamp":1749560522000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Association of SARS-CoV-2 With Health-related Quality of Life 1 Year After Illness Using Latent Transition Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2932-4140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauren E","family":"Wisk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles, California ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Health Policy and Management, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles, California ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3276-8375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Gottlieb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Rush University Medical Center , Chicago, Illinois ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9903-8062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peizheng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation (CORE), Yale School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4019-3831","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huihui","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation (CORE), Yale School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3027-1883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelli N","family":"O\u2019Laughlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Global Health, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kari A","family":"Stephens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Graham","family":"Nichol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harborview Center for Prehospital Emergency Care, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7438-0243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Carlos C","family":"Montoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, San Francisco , San Francisco, California ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert M","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California Riverside School of Medicine , Riverside, California 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(CORE), Yale School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8248-0567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arjun K","family":"Venkatesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation (CORE), Yale School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3882-4956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristin L","family":"Rising","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Center for Connected Care, Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9778-358X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mandy J","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, McGovern Medical School, UT Health Houston , Houston, Texas ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9448-5744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryan","family":"Huebinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, McGovern Medical School, UT Health Houston , Houston, Texas ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7113-6499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahamed 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