{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T14:34:34Z","timestamp":1787063674728,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]],"date-time":"2025-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752710400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"LDBIO Diagnostics"},{"name":"Fight Infections Foundation, Badalona, Spain"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003008","name":"Ministry of Higher Education, Egypt","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003008","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Cultural Office of the Embassy of Egypt in Madrid, Spain"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Imported schistosomiasis is underdiagnosed among long-term migrants in non-endemic countries. Reference standard tests are lacking for the diagnosis of chronic schistosomiasis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of a new immunochromatography (ICT) test using serum (s) or point-of-care finger-prick (FP) whole blood against standard serological tests in long-term migrants from sub-Saharan Africa.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 202 individuals were screened, with a mean age of 42.7 years. Of these, 75.7% were male, and 42.6% were from Senegal. Test positivity rates were 15.8% for ELISA, 24.3% for ICT-p, 46.5% for ICT-b (s), and 28.7% for ICT-b (FP). All tests showed good agreement with a clinical score but with heterogeneous agreement between them. Our results indicates a higher sensitivity for ICT-b (s). Positive responses after treatment suggest good specificity for all tests.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ICT-b (s) shows a higher sensitivity than the other standard tests. An ICT-b (FP) strategy could be used as a first-step point-of-care screening tool for probable chronic schistosomiasis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofaf328","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]],"date-time":"2025-07-17T14:01:41Z","timestamp":1752760901000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Performance (Sensitivity and Specificity) of a New Point-of-Care Immunochromatography to Screen for Imported Chronic Schistosomiasis Among Long-Term Sub-Saharan Migrants"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Alaa H A","family":"Hegazy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Department, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, and Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona , Badalona ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Asyut , El Fateh ,","place":["Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"P\u00e9rez-Qu\u00edlez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Health Unit of North Metropolitan Barcelona, Territorial Directorate for Infectious Diseases, Catalan Institute for Health , Badalona ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Israel","family":"L\u00f3pez-Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Health Unit of North Metropolitan Barcelona, Territorial Directorate for Infectious Diseases, Catalan Institute for Health , Badalona ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Chamorro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3 Lluita Contra les Infeccions , Badalona ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Abad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3 Lluita Contra les Infeccions , Badalona ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alba","family":"San Jos\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3 Lluita Contra les Infeccions , Badalona ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3551-7119","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00falia","family":"Valera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servei de Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias I Pujol , Badalona ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Llu\u00eds","family":"Valerio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Health Unit of North Metropolitan Barcelona, Territorial Directorate for Infectious Diseases, Catalan Institute for Health , Badalona ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3324-0225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Soldevila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Health Unit of North Metropolitan Barcelona, Territorial Directorate for Infectious Diseases, Catalan Institute for Health , Badalona ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias I Pujol , Badalona ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ester","family":"Gorriz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Health Unit of North Metropolitan Barcelona, Territorial Directorate for Infectious Diseases, Catalan Institute for Health , Badalona ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dolores","family":"Herena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Health Unit of North Metropolitan Barcelona, Territorial Directorate for Infectious Diseases, Catalan Institute for Health , Badalona ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3979-1465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elia","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Pedregal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Health Unit of North Metropolitan Barcelona, Territorial Directorate for Infectious Diseases, Catalan Institute for Health , Badalona ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3 Lluita Contra les Infeccions , Badalona ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias I Pujol , Badalona ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josep M","family":"Llibre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Health Unit of North Metropolitan Barcelona, Territorial Directorate for Infectious Diseases, Catalan Institute for Health , Badalona ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3 Lluita Contra les Infeccions , Badalona ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4854-5934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gema","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Rivas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Department, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, and Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona , Badalona ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5623-7873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pere Joan","family":"Cardona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Department, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, and Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona , Badalona ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xavier","family":"Vall\u00e8s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Health Unit of North Metropolitan Barcelona, Territorial Directorate for Infectious Diseases, Catalan Institute for Health , Badalona ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3 Lluita Contra les Infeccions , Badalona ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute , Badalona ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00edlvia","family":"Roure","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Health Unit of North Metropolitan Barcelona, Territorial Directorate for Infectious Diseases, Catalan Institute for Health , Badalona ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3 Lluita Contra les Infeccions , Badalona ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias I Pujol , Badalona ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025071710013835900_ofaf328-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32335-3","article-title":"Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 359 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990\u20132017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","volume":"392","author":"Global Burden of Disease 2017 DALYs and HALE Collaborators","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025071710013835900_ofaf328-B2","first-page":"601","article-title":"Schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiases: numbers of people treated in 2018","volume":"94","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2018","journal-title":"Wkly Epidemiol Rec"},{"key":"2025071710013835900_ofaf328-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2253","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61949-2","article-title":"Human schistosomiasis","volume":"383","author":"Colley","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025071710013835900_ofaf328-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5521","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10235521","article-title":"Clinical spectrum of schistosomiasis: an update","volume":"10","author":"Carbonell","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2025071710013835900_ofaf328-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2024.106234","article-title":"Morbidity burden of imported chronic schistosomiasis among West African migrants","volume":"89","author":"Roure","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"2025071710013835900_ofaf328-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-024-01190-8","article-title":"Male genitourinary schistosomiasis-related symptoms among long-term Western African migrants in Spain: a prospective population-based screening study","volume":"13","author":"Roure","year":"2024","journal-title":"Infect Dis Poverty"},{"key":"2025071710013835900_ofaf328-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"taae035","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/taae035","article-title":"Female genitourinary schistosomiasis-related symptoms in long-term sub-Saharan African migrants in Europe: a prospective population-based study","volume":"31","author":"Roure","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Travel Med"},{"key":"2025071710013835900_ofaf328-B8","first-page":"1092","article-title":"The distribution of Schistosoma eggs in human tissues","volume":"18","author":"Alves","year":"1958","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"2025071710013835900_ofaf328-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2025005","article-title":"The impact of schistosomiasis on the Global Disease Burden: a systematic analysis based on the 2021 Global Burden of Disease study","volume":"32","author":"Shen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"key":"2025071710013835900_ofaf328-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102165","article-title":"Evidence of autochthonous transmission of urinary schistosomiasis in Almeria (southeast Spain): an outbreak analysis","volume":"44","author":"Salas-Coronas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Travel Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025071710013835900_ofaf328-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)00175-4","article-title":"Outbreak of urogenital schistosomiasis in Corsica (France): an epidemiological case study","volume":"16","author":"Boissier","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025071710013835900_ofaf328-B12","author":"International Organization for Migration","year":"2024"},{"key":"2025071710013835900_ofaf328-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e236","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(18)30490-X","article-title":"Prevalence of strongyloidiasis and schistosomiasis among migrants: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Asundi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"2025071710013835900_ofaf328-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00137-14","article-title":"Advances in the diagnosis of human schistosomiasis","volume":"28","author":"Weerakoon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"2025071710013835900_ofaf328-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.05680-11","article-title":"Evaluation of eight serological tests for diagnosis of imported schistosomiasis","volume":"19","author":"Kinkel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"key":"2025071710013835900_ofaf328-B16","author":"European Center for Diseases Control","year":"2018"},{"key":"2025071710013835900_ofaf328-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e627","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(24)00080-X","article-title":"Consensus definitions in imported human schistosomiasis: a GeoSentinel and TropNet Delphi study","volume":"24","author":"Tamarozzi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025071710013835900_ofaf328-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-017-2549-9","article-title":"Migrant's access to preventive health services in five EU countries","volume":"17","author":"Rosano","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"2025071710013835900_ofaf328-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldw057","article-title":"Utilization of health care services by migrants in Europe\u2014a systematic literature review","volume":"121","author":"Graetz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br Med Bull"},{"key":"2025071710013835900_ofaf328-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e259","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30117-8","article-title":"How effective are approaches to migrant screening for infectious diseases in Europe? A systematic review","volume":"18","author":"Seedat","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025071710013835900_ofaf328-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1111\/jmwh.13545","article-title":"Language and cultural barriers and facilitators of sexual and reproductive health care for migrant women in high-income European countries: an integrative review","volume":"69","author":"Barrio-Ruiz","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Midwifery Womens Health"},{"key":"2025071710013835900_ofaf328-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckv023","article-title":"Access to healthcare for undocumented migrants with communicable diseases in Germany: a quantitative study","volume":"25","author":"Mylius","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Public Health"},{"key":"2025071710013835900_ofaf328-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0185245","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0185245","article-title":"Epidemiological, clinical, diagnostic and economic features of an immigrant population of chronic schistosomiasis sufferers with long-term residence in a non-endemic country (north metropolitan area of Barcelona, 2002\u20132016)","volume":"12","author":"Roure","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025071710013835900_ofaf328-B24","author":"WHO","year":"2019"},{"key":"2025071710013835900_ofaf328-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e019228","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-019228","article-title":"Diagnostic study on an immunochromatographic rapid test for schistosomiasis: comparison between use on serum and on blood spot from fingerprick","volume":"8","author":"Buonfrate","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2025071710013835900_ofaf328-B26","volume-title":"Immunological methods for the detection of infectious diseases INSTAND e.V.","author":"Wellinghausen","year":"2018"},{"key":"2025071710013835900_ofaf328-B27","first-page":"1165","article-title":"Utility of Schistosoma bovis adult worm antigens for diagnosis of human schistosomiasis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and electroimmunotransfer blot techniques","volume":"11","author":"Pardo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Diagn Lab Immunol"},{"key":"2025071710013835900_ofaf328-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcp.2016.12.003","article-title":"Serological approaches for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis\u2014a review","volume":"31","author":"Hinz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Cell Probes"},{"key":"2025071710013835900_ofaf328-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2022.111531","article-title":"Praziquantel: an update on the mechanism of its action against schistosomiasis and new therapeutic perspectives","volume":"252","author":"Nogueira","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol Biochem Parasitol"},{"key":"2025071710013835900_ofaf328-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1007\/s10903-015-0272-3","article-title":"Urinary schistosomiasis in an adolescent refugee from Africa: an uncommon cause of hematuria and an emerging infectious disease in Europe","volume":"18","author":"Poddighe","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Immigr Minor Health"},{"key":"2025071710013835900_ofaf328-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"taad118","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/taad118","article-title":"Schistosomiasis in returning travellers and migrants: gaps and research priorities","volume":"30","author":"Buonfrate","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Travel Med"},{"key":"2025071710013835900_ofaf328-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0007808","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007808","article-title":"Differential impact of mass and targeted praziquantel delivery on schistosomiasis control in school-aged children: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Cribb","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"2025071710013835900_ofaf328-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0011221","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011221","article-title":"Schistosomiasis screening in non-endemic countries from a cost perspective: knowledge gaps and research priorities. The case of African long-term residents in a metropolitan area, Spain","volume":"17","author":"Roure","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"2025071710013835900_ofaf328-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.22-0354","article-title":"Spectrum of helminth infections in migrants from sub-Saharan Africa to Europe: a literature review","volume":"108","author":"Grzegorek","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"}],"container-title":["Open Forum Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article-pdf\/12\/7\/ofaf328\/63727049\/ofaf328.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article-pdf\/12\/7\/ofaf328\/63727049\/ofaf328.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]],"date-time":"2025-07-17T14:01:46Z","timestamp":1752760906000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofaf328\/8196494"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofaf328","relation":{},"ISSN":["2328-8957"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2328-8957","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]]},"article-number":"ofaf328"}}