{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:30:47Z","timestamp":1787009447043,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]],"date-time":"2025-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751500800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Long-acting cabotegravir\/rilpivirine offers a low incidence of virologic failure. However, drug resistance can develop after discontinuation without an effective replacement regimen due to its long pharmacokinetic tail. We present a case of sustained virologic suppression 18 months after discontinuation of long-acting cabotegravir\/rilpivirine despite inadequate adherence to oral antiretroviral therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofaf399","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T07:59:31Z","timestamp":1751443171000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Sustained HIV Viral Suppression 18 Months After the Last Dose of Long-acting Cabotegravir\/Rilpivirine: A Case Report"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3068-3732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shawnalyn W","family":"Sunagawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Antiviral Pharmacology Laboratory, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2130-2505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara H","family":"Bares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberly K","family":"Scarsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Antiviral Pharmacology Laboratory, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Podany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Antiviral Pharmacology Laboratory, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"Mykris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antiviral Pharmacology Laboratory, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Weinhold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antiviral Pharmacology Laboratory, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1430-0851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer","family":"O\u2019Neill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maureen","family":"Kubat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Cramer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4971-1490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer M","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9894-615X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua P","family":"Havens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025072223264257700_ofaf399-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1007\/s40262-021-01005-1","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and drug-drug interactions of long-acting intramuscular cabotegravir and rilpivirine","volume":"60","author":"Hodge","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"},{"key":"2025072223264257700_ofaf399-B2","volume-title":"Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agents in adults and adolescents with HIV","author":"Panel on Antiretroviral Guidelines for Adults and Adolescents"},{"key":"2025072223264257700_ofaf399-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e472","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(20)30106-5","article-title":"Tail-phase safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of long-acting injectable cabotegravir in HIV-uninfected adults: a secondary analysis of the HPTN 077 trial","volume":"7","author":"Landovitz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"key":"2025072223264257700_ofaf399-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e185","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(20)30340-4","article-title":"Long-acting cabotegravir plus rilpivirine for treatment in adults with HIV-1 infection: 96-week results of the randomised, open-label, phase 3 FLAIR study","volume":"8","author":"Orkin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"key":"2025072223264257700_ofaf399-B5"},{"key":"2025072223264257700_ofaf399-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-6405-11-39","article-title":"Cobicistat-boosted darunavir in HIV-1\u2013infected adults: week 48 results of a phase IIIb, open-label single-arm trial","volume":"11","author":"Tashima","year":"2014","journal-title":"AIDS Res Ther"},{"key":"2025072223264257700_ofaf399-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofae023","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofae023","article-title":"Guidance for the interpretation of long-acting cabotegravir and rilpivirine concentrations based on real-world therapeutic drug monitoring data and documented failures","volume":"11","author":"Thoueille","year":"2024","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025072223264257700_ofaf399-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofae480","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofae480","article-title":"Therapeutic drug monitoring of long-acting rilpivirine and cabotegravir for treatment of HIV-1 infection\u2014a case series of five patients with one virologic failure after development of two-class resistance","volume":"11","author":"Gerstenberg","year":"2024","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025072223264257700_ofaf399-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2445","DOI":"10.1517\/14656560903176446","article-title":"New antiretroviral drugs: a review of the efficacy, safety, pharmacokinetics, and resistance profile of tipranavir, darunavir, etravirine, rilpivirine, maraviroc, and raltegravir","volume":"10","author":"Hughes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother"},{"key":"2025072223264257700_ofaf399-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000002142","article-title":"Antiretroviral adherence level necessary for HIV viral suppression using real-world data","volume":"82","author":"Byrd","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"2025072223264257700_ofaf399-B11","author":"ViiV Healthcare"},{"key":"2025072223264257700_ofaf399-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1909512","article-title":"Long-acting cabotegravir and rilpivirine after oral induction for HIV-1 infection","volume":"382","author":"Orkin","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025072223264257700_ofaf399-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac901","article-title":"Management of drug-drug interactions between long-acting cabotegravir and rilpivirine and comedications with inducing properties: a modeling study","volume":"76","author":"Bettonte","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025072223264257700_ofaf399-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000002883","article-title":"Exploring predictors of HIV-1 virologic failure to long-acting cabotegravir and rilpivirine: a multivariable analysis","volume":"35","author":"Cutrell","year":"2021","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2025072223264257700_ofaf399-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0000000000000751","article-title":"Elite and posttreatment controllers, two facets of HIV control","volume":"17","author":"Mastrangelo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Opin HIV AIDS"}],"container-title":["Open Forum Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofaf399\/63662321\/ofaf399.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article-pdf\/12\/7\/ofaf399\/63662321\/ofaf399.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article-pdf\/12\/7\/ofaf399\/63662321\/ofaf399.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]],"date-time":"2025-07-23T03:26:49Z","timestamp":1753241209000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofaf399\/8185574"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofaf399","relation":{},"ISSN":["2328-8957"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2328-8957","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]]},"article-number":"ofaf399"}}