{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T09:15:40Z","timestamp":1763370940428,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763337600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001602","name":"Science Foundation Ireland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20\/SPP\/3685","101057100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20\/SPP\/3685","101057100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001602","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection, also known as long COVID (LC), is a complex and heterogenous condition affecting millions worldwide with a poorly understood underlying pathology. Although metabolic dysregulations have been described in LC, it remains unclear whether circulating immune cells exhibit immunometabolic alterations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a detailed clinical, immunologic, and mitochondrial analysis on 27 patients with LC and 27 who recovered from COVID-19 and were healthy. Symptom burden and severity were assessed and quantified via a digital platform with the modified COVID-19 Yorkshire Rehabilitation Scale. Mitochondrial function of circulating immune cell populations (lymphocytes and monocytes) was analyzed by measuring mitochondrial mass and mitochondrial membrane potential. Production of 11 cytokines after whole blood stimulation with bacterial and viral agonists was measured by multiplex immunoassay. Relationships between mitochondrial and immune parameters with LC symptoms were investigated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with LC exhibited significant symptom burden, with worsening across all symptom domains as compared with their health state before SARS-CoV-2 infection. They also had a decreased mitochondrial membrane potential of CD56bright natural killer cells, particularly in patients experiencing dizziness, whereas reduced mitochondrial membrane potential in CD4+ lymphocytes was found in patients with worsening breathlessness. Upon LPS stimulation, patients with LC demonstrated significantly lower IFN-\u03b3 production. In response to viral ligand R848, impaired IFN-\u03b2 and IL-10 responses were associated with worsening cough and executive functions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Symptom severity in LC is associated with immune cell mitochondrial dysfunction and altered cytokine responses, highlighting potential disease biomarkers and targets for future therapeutic strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofaf447","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T13:04:29Z","timestamp":1763039069000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Digitally Assessed Long COVID Symptomatology Is Associated With Lymphocyte Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Altered Immune Potential"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3677-4406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vasile Mihai","family":"Sularea","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin , Dublin ,","place":["Ireland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7089-0665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liam","family":"Townsend","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, St James\u2019s Hospital , Dublin ,","place":["Ireland"]},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin , Dublin ,","place":["Ireland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cian","family":"Reid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin , Dublin ,","place":["Ireland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreea V","family":"Atanasescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin , Dublin ,","place":["Ireland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1356-510X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam H","family":"Dyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin , Dublin ,","place":["Ireland"]},{"name":"Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin , Dublin ,","place":["Ireland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Giangrazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin , Dublin ,","place":["Ireland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roman Rocha","family":"Lawrence","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ELAROS 24\/7 Limited , Sheffield S1 2BJ ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manoj","family":"Sivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds , Leeds ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barry","family":"Moran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin , Dublin ,","place":["Ireland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Derek G","family":"Doherty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin , Dublin ,","place":["Ireland"]},{"name":"Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin , Dublin ,","place":["Ireland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Niall P","family":"Conlon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin , Dublin ,","place":["Ireland"]},{"name":"Department of Immunology, St James\u2019s Hospital , Dublin ,","place":["Ireland"]},{"name":"Wellcome-HRB Clinical Research Facility, St James\u2019s Hospital , Dublin ,","place":["Ireland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9918-9960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aideen","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin , Dublin 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