{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:30:47Z","timestamp":1787009447056,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]],"date-time":"2025-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754956800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012553","name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CORPG3P0521"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CORPG3P0521"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012553","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012553","name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CMRPG3P0801"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMRPG3P0801"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012553","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012553","name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CORPG3P0511"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CORPG3P0511"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012553","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012553","name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CORPG3P0541"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CORPG3P0541"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012553","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012553","name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CORPG3N0281"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CORPG3N0281"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012553","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012553","name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CORPG3M0371"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CORPG3M0371"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012553","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012553","name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BMRPD95"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BMRPD95"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012553","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020950","name":"National Science and Technology Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSTC-113-2314-B-182A-017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC-113-2314-B-182A-017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020950","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020950","name":"National Science and Technology Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSTC-112-2314-B-182A-107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC-112-2314-B-182A-107"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020950","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020950","name":"National Science and Technology Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSTC-113-2314-B-182A-087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC-113-2314-B-182A-087"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020950","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sex differences in infective endocarditis (IE) remain underexplored in large-scale studies. Current findings on clinical outcomes, particularly in surgical IE, are inconsistent, highlighting critical knowledge gaps.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a nationwide cohort study using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database (2001\u20132022) and a total of 28 976 adults with IE were identified. Subgroup analysis focused on 4133 patients undergoing valve surgery. Primary outcomes included in-hospital mortality and long-term survival, analyzed using logistic regression and Cox models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 28 976 patients, 4133 underwent surgery (women\/men: 10 580\/18 396 overall; 1252\/2881 surgical). Women were older with more comorbidities. After propensity score matching, women had higher in-hospital mortality in both the general cohort (21.2% vs 19.8%; odds ratio [OR]: 1.09, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02\u20131.17) and surgical subgroup (20.7% vs 13.3%; OR: 1.70, 95% CI: 1.37\u20132.11). Women undergoing surgery had more perioperative complications, including postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock (10.5% vs 7.8%) and de novo dialysis (13.5% vs 9.8%). Long-term mortality was lower in women, while women in the surgical subgroup had higher mortality (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.01\u20131.25) and redo valve surgery rates (11.5% vs 8.1%; HR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.07\u20131.90).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Women with IE had higher in-hospital mortality regardless of surgical intervention. Among those who underwent surgery, women experienced more perioperative complications compared with men. Although women exhibited superior overall late survival, those undergoing surgery had worse long-term outcomes. These findings highlight the need for improved sex-specific management, including early diagnosis, timely surgery, and extended follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofaf473","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,10]],"date-time":"2025-08-10T11:38:01Z","timestamp":1754825881000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Sex Differences in Clinical Outcomes and Surgical Interventions for Infective Endocarditis: A Nationwide Registry"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Ching-Yi","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Education, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University , Taoyuan City ,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4947-2896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Feng-Cheng","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University , Taoyuan City ,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun-Yu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University , Taoyuan City ,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Ting","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University , Taoyuan City ,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chia-Pin","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University , Taoyuan City ,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0148-8357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ming-Jer","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University , Taoyuan City ,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Hsin","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University , Taoyuan City ,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9918-4369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor Chien-Chia","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University , Taoyuan City ,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"An-Hsun","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University , Taoyuan City ,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1674-1295","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shao-Wei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University , Taoyuan City ,","place":["Taiwan"]},{"name":"Center for Big Data Analytics and Statistics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan City ,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"2025082211414882600_ofaf473-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwab184","article-title":"Global magnitude and temporal trend of infective endocarditis, 1990\u20132019: results from the Global Burden of Disease study","volume":"29","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"issue":"39","key":"2025082211414882600_ofaf473-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3222","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz620","article-title":"Clinical presentation, aetiology and outcome of infective endocarditis. 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