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In this study, we measured levels of antibody against orthopoxvirus in selected participants (n = 114) with HIV or at risk for HIV acquisition from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study\/Women's Interagency HIV Study Combined Cohort Study, who had no prior reported history of mpox. Participants reported MVA-BN vaccination history via questionnaires. The median age was 64 years, 24.6% were female, and 46% were HIV seropositive. Twenty out of 114 participants received at least 1 dose of MVA-BN. We found that MVA-BN induced sustained IgG levels regardless of HIV status, even up to 1 year. Birth before 1973 was correlated with higher IgG. MVA-BN-unvaccinated individuals with HIV had lower IgG than those without HIV. Although limited by small sample size, our study is among the first to assess anti-orthopoxvirus antibodies specifically in a vulnerable, older population and stratified by HIV status.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofaf497","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]],"date-time":"2025-08-14T18:13:31Z","timestamp":1755195211000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Immune Response to MVA-BN and Prior Smallpox Vaccination in People With HIV or at Risk for HIV Acquisition"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5300-0571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yijia","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0354-7437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael 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