{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T00:18:36Z","timestamp":1758845916979,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]],"date-time":"2025-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755648000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>During the COVID-19 pandemic, health care workers (HCWs) relied on personal protective equipment (PPE) to mitigate COVID-19 infections. However, prolonged use of PPE led to a risk of developing skin lesions (SLs).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In this study, we evaluated the frequency, characteristics, and factors associated with SLs while using PPE. We surveyed 190 HCWs in 2 hospitals in Lima, Peru, between September 2020 and May 2021 using a convenience sampling method. Eligible participants were hospital personnel actively working on-site and using PPE. The questionnaire focused on reporting SLs related to PPE use.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The frequency of SLs among our sample of HCWs was 77%. The most frequent SLs were erythema (44%), comedones (18%), and erosions (15%), located most frequently on the nasal bridge (62%) and cheeks (28%). Of the surveyed HCWs, 39% reported using some form of prevention method to avoid SLs, with adhesive tape or bandages being the most common (58%). Working in the intensive care unit (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR], 1.60; 95% CI, 1.11\u20132.29), working &amp;gt;12 hours per day (aPR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.11\u20132.41), and experiencing burning sensations (aPR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.05\u20131.55) or dryness (aPR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.02\u20131.90) on the skin were associated with a higher likelihood of having SLs.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>By documenting the frequency of SL in our sample of HCWs while using PPE, we underscore the need for continuous biosafety monitoring to improve occupational well-being among HCWs.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofaf509","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]],"date-time":"2025-08-20T18:36:01Z","timestamp":1755714961000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Skin Lesions and Personal Protective Equipment in Health Care Workers From Lima, Peru, During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6243-5614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolina","family":"Coombes-Perez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Alberto Hurtado School of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia , Lima ,","place":["Peru"]},{"name":"Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia , Lima ,","place":["Peru"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Arribas-Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alberto Hurtado School of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia , Lima ,","place":["Peru"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6107-4614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amira","family":"Llerena-Delgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health and Administration, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia , Lima ,","place":["Peru"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3538-2745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel Armando","family":"del Solar-Chacaltana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alberto Hurtado School of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia , Lima ,","place":["Peru"]},{"name":"Infectious, Tropical and Dermatological Diseases Department, Hospital Cayetano Heredia , Lima ,","place":["Peru"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2090-1856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigo M","family":"Carrillo-Larco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University , Atlanta, GA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]]},"reference":[{"author":"Ministerio de Salud [MINSA]","key":"2025092508523792700_ofaf509-B1"},{"key":"2025092508523792700_ofaf509-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtv.2022.01.003","article-title":"Skin-related problems associated with the use of personal protective equipment among health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a online survey study","volume":"31","author":"G\u00fcrlek K\u0131sac\u0131k","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Tissue Viability"},{"key":"2025092508523792700_ofaf509-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.03.014","article-title":"Skin damage among health care workers managing coronavirus disease-2019","volume":"82","author":"Lan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"2025092508523792700_ofaf509-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1093\/annweh\/wxab018","article-title":"Skin reactions to personal protective equipment among first-line COVID-19 healthcare workers: a survey in northern Morocco","volume":"65","author":"Marraha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Work Expo Health"},{"key":"2025092508523792700_ofaf509-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.13391","article-title":"The prevalence, characteristics, and related factors of pressure injury in medical staff wearing personal protective equipment against COVID-19 in China: a multicentre cross-sectional survey","volume":"17","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int Wound J"},{"key":"2025092508523792700_ofaf509-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1994","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.17436","article-title":"Skin adverse events related to personal protective equipment: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"35","author":"Montero-Vilchez","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"2025092508523792700_ofaf509-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.03.012","article-title":"Occupational skin disease among health care workers during the coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic","volume":"82","author":"Elston","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"2025092508523792700_ofaf509-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1097\/JD9.0000000000000085","article-title":"Prevention and treatment of skin damage caused by personal protective equipment: experience of the first-line clinicians treating SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"3","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol 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a COVID referral tertiary hospital","volume":"19","author":"Arora","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"key":"2025092508523792700_ofaf509-B19"},{"author":"Instituto Nacional de Estadistica e Informatica","key":"2025092508523792700_ofaf509-B20"},{"author":"Instituto Nacional de Estad\u00edstica e Inform\u00e1tica","key":"2025092508523792700_ofaf509-B21"},{"year":"2021","author":"Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia","key":"2025092508523792700_ofaf509-B22"},{"author":"Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza","key":"2025092508523792700_ofaf509-B23"},{"author":"El Peruano","key":"2025092508523792700_ofaf509-B24"},{"key":"2025092508523792700_ofaf509-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e176-8","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.17039","article-title":"Adverse skin reactions following different types of mask usage during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"35","author":"Chaiyabutr","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol 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